Chapter 2: England's Colonial Experiments (The 17th Century)
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Created by:
EMFord on April 30, 2010
Subjects:
APUSH, apush vocab, ap us history
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anglican Church | the official Church of England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603). With its establishment, England assumed leadership of the Protestant world. |
| Antinomianism | the view—heretical to Puritans—that those possessing saving grace were exempt from the rules of good behavior and from the laws of the community. |
| William Bradford | the governor of Pilgrim Separatists at Plymouth Plantation; he wrote a history of the colony in "Of Plymouth Plantation." |
| The House of Burgesses | established in Virginia in 1619 as an advisory body to the colony's governors. It was the seed of the system of representative government in English America. |
| Celcilius and George Calvert | the Lords Baltimore and English Catholics, established the proprietary colony of Maryland in 1634 as a haven for English Catholics and for their own economic advantage. |
| Cambridge Agreement | Puritan stockholders in the Massachusetts Bay Company drafted the Cambridge Agreement in 1629, wherein they agreed to migrate to the New World with their families if they could take the company charter with them. It led to the founding of Massachusetts Bay colony in 1630 and the Puritans' Great Migration. |
| Church of England | The Anglican Church became the official church of England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603). With its establishment, England assumed the leadership of the Protestant world. |
| Duke of York | James, Duke of York, the brother of Charles II, became the proprietor of the English colony of New York in 1664 when it was seized from the Dutch. |
| Great Migration | the mass movement of Puritans to Massachusetts Bay that began in 1630 and continued into the 1640s. Bad times and religious persecution in England provoked it. |
| Thomas Hooker | a dissatisfied Massachusetts Bay Puritan who led a company of followers to found a colony at Hartford (Connecticut) in 1636 |
| Anne Hutchinson | a Massachusetts Bay Puritan who was banished for criticizing the colony's ministers and magistrates and for her adherence to the heresy of Antinomianism. |
| Jamestown | The London (Virginia) Company was a joint-stock company chartered in 1606 that was responsible for founding the first permanent English settlement in America: Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. |
| joint-stock company | English merchants invested in companies similar to modern corporations. These joint-stock companies enabled investors to pool capital for commercial and colony-planting activity. |
| London Company | a joint-stock company chartered in 1606 which, after renaming itself the Virginia Company, was responsible for founding the first permanent English settlement in America: Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. |
| Mayflower Compact | (1620) was an agreement among the Pilgrims of Plymouth Plantation to establish a body politic and obey the rules of the governors that they chose. |
| James Oglethorpe | a founding trustee of the Georgia colony in 1733. He hoped to make Georgia a reformed society free from slavery, strong drink, and unequal land ownership. |
| William Penn | the Quaker proprietor of Pennsylvania who offered his colony as a refuge for persecuted Quakers. He treated Indians and his colonists fairly, and his well-advertised colony became the most economically successful in English America. |
| Pilgrims | English Separatists who established Plymouth Plantation in 1620 and drafted the Mayflower Compact. |
| proprietary colony | great landed estates granted by English monarchs to court favorites or those to whom the crown owed debts. Maryland and all English colonies in America founded after the Restoration in 1660 were proprietary colonies. Proprietors hoped to derive a profit from the colonies they founded. |
| Puritans | moderate English religious dissenters who objected to the ritual and governing structure of the Anglican Church. Many migrated to Massachusetts Bay after 1630 to establish a religious commonwealth. |
| Quakers | an English religious sect that stressed the doctrine of the Inner Light. They were pacifists and tolerant of other religions. |
| Restoration | In 1660, the monarchy, under Charles II, was restored in England following the death of Oliver Cromwell. The Restoration produced a flurry of new colony founding by the English. All these "Restoration colonies" were proprietary. |
| Separatists | Separatists were radical religious dissenters who rejected membership in the Church of England. Some of their number founded Plymouth Plantation in 1620. |
| John Smith | Smith was a soldier of fortune who supplied the early Jamestown settlement with leadership, without which the colony would have quickly perished. |
| starving time | a period of deprivation suffered by the early settlers of Jamestown colony in 1609-1610. Most of the first settlers died from disease and exposure, and the colony grew very slowly. |
| Roger Williams | a Puritan minister who was banished from Massachusetts Bay for his heretical ideas of extreme Separatism and separation of church and state, as well as for his insistence that land be purchased, rather than expropriated, from the Indians. |
| John Winthrop | a lawyer, served for over twenty years as the elected governor of the Puritans' Massachusetts Bay colony. |
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