| Term | Definition |
|---|
| procedural memory | -the brain's automatic, unconscious reaction to something. (fear of snakes, nervousness in front of class etc) |
| semantic memory | -(subtype of Procedural) general knowledge that are not dependent upon experience. (names of the Beatles, directors of movies etc) |
| episodic memory | -(subtype of Procedural) memory based on experiences you've had (what you ate, what you did, how to get there etc) |
| encoding | the first step of the memory process - getting things into the brain by pain attention solely to one thing |
| cue | something type of stimulus that brings previously forgotten memories back to a person |
| consolidation | the second step in the memory process - to store information/put information into the networks of the brain |
| retrieval | the final step of the memory process - getting information out of storage when it's needed |
| free recall | a type of retrieval that requires you to freely recall things from memory (like an in class essay) |
| cued recall | type of memory retrieval that requires finding something in memory given a cue to narrow the search |
| recognition | -a type of memory retrieval that requires recognizing information stored in memory |
| serial position effect | the term for the fact that it's easier to remember things from the beginning and the end than it is to remember the middle |
| primacy effect | the fact that things at the beginning of a list are the first things to get into the brain and therefore have an advantage at being recalled |
| recency effect | the fact that things at the end of the list have nothing after them to interfere with them, and therefore have an advantage at being recalled |
| decay | the process by which memories fade away over time |
| short-term memory | the memory storage system that holds things in mind and that is limited to seven chunks for about 30 seconds |
| long-term memory | the memory storage system that has information that has been stored relatively permanently |
| interference | the most common cause of forgetting information from long term storage (two types: retroactive and proactive) |
| chunking | the brain can fit more information into the short term memory through this method |
| rehearsal | going over and over material |
| maintenance rehearsal | rehearsal specifically designed to maintain information that is gone over by changing the involved brain cells and synapses |
| mnemonics | memory aids or tricks that move information into long term memory by connecting it to things that are already there |
| mnemonic device | the general term for a device used to aid in memory construction |
| pegword method | a mnemonic device in which certain words are used as association pegs for new information to be remembered |
| one is a bun | an example of the pegword system using association |
| Method of Loci | mnemonic device which is similar to the pegword system but rather than use objects, you use places |
| elaborative rehearsal | collecting new information and adding it to material you already know |
| Herman Ebbinghaus | the first psychologists to experimentally study "forgetting" |
| savings score | the difference in time between learning something once and twice |
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