ap bio vocab
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abiotic components | the non-living players in an ecosystem, such as climate and nutrients |
| abscisic acid | plant hormone that inhibits cell growth, prevents premature germination, and stimulates closing of the stomata |
| achondroplasia | autosomal dominant form of dwarfism seen in one out of 10,000 people |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| active site | part of the enzyme that interacts with the substrate in an enzyme-substrate complex |
| active transport | the movement of a particle across a selectively permeable membrane against its concentration gradient; this movement requires the input of energy |
| adaptation | a trait that, if altered, affects the fitnesss of the organism; the result of natural selection; includes phyiscal traits and intangible traits (e.g., lifespan) |
| adaptive radiation | a rapid series of speciation events that occur when one or more ancestral species invades a new environment |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | helps maintain electrolytic homeostasis in the body |
| aerobic respiration | energy-producing reactions in animals, requiring oxygen, that involve 3 stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phsophorylation |
| age structure | statistic that compares the relative number of individuals in the population from each age group |
| agnostic behavior | results from a conflict of interest between individuals; often involves intimidation and submission |
| alcohol fermentation | occurs in fungi, yeast, and bacteria; pyruvate is converted in two steps to ethanol, regenerating two molecules of NAD* |
| aldehyde | carbonyl group in which one R is a hydrogen and the other is a carbon chain; hydrophilic and polar |
| aldosterone | released from the adrenal gland; acts on the distal tubules to cause the reabsorption of more Na+ and water; increases blood volume and pressure |
| allantois | transports waste products in mammals to the placenta; later incorporated into umbilical cord |
| allele | a variant of a gene for a particular character |
| allopatric speciation | interbreeding ceases because some sort of barrier separates a single population into two such as area with no food or a mountain; the two populations evolve indepedently and, if they change enough, then they cannot interbreed (even if barrier removed) |
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