Flashcards: FRMS Chemistry Final - Kaylor
All 40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 substance | a type of matter defined by a unique particle |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| particle | the smallest piece of a substance that is still that substance |
| element | a fundamental form of matter that cannot be broken by chemical or physical processes |
| chemical reaction | a process during which starting substances (reactants) change into new substances (products) with different arrangements of atoms |
| compress | reduced in volume as a result of applied pressure |
| expand | an increase of volume |
| kinetic energy | the energy possessed by a system/object as a result of its motion |
| contract | a decrease of volume due to decreased kinetic energy of particles |
| energy transfer | movement of energy from a location with more energy to a location with less energy (hot to cold) |
| conduction | transfer of energy as a result of contact between particles |
| heat | a form of energy related to the kinetic energy of particles |
| calorie | a unit of heat; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
| conservation of energy | energy is never created or destroyed during energy transfers |
| equilibrium | the condition of a system when no observable change is taking place |
| heat of fusion | heat that causes the solid/liquid phase change without changing the temperature of the substance |
| bond | attractive force acting between atoms |
| melt | to change phase from solid to liquid |
| dissolve | to incorporate one substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level |
| phase | the physical appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles (solid, liquid, gas) |
| freeze | to change phase from liquid to solid (doesn't have to be cold!) |
| evaporate | to change phase from liquid to gas |
| condense | to change phase from gas to liquid |
| sublime | to change phase from solid to gas |
| deposit | to change phase from gas directly to solid |
| mixture | two or more substances together |
| solution | a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another |
| solute | a substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution |
| solvent | a substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution |
| saturated | a solution with the maximum amount of dissolved solute |
| concentration | the amount of solute dissolved in a measure of solvent |
| concentrated | a solution with a large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of solvent |
| atom | the smallest part of an element |
| compound | a substance whose particle is made of two or more different kinds of atoms |
| molecule | a particle made of two or more atoms connected with strong (covalent) bonds |
| ionic compound | atoms in a particle of a compound connected with weak bonds |
| reactant | a starting substance in a chemical reaction |
| product | a substance that is created during a chemical reaction |
| precipitate | an insoluble product of a reaction |
| chemical formula | a code that represents the number and kinds of atoms in one particle of a substance |
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