Host Defense Mechanisms, pg. 72/73
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Created by:
brittany_2121 on May 2, 2010
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Surface barriers, inflammation, and immune response | What are the 3 host defense mechanisms? |
| Surface barriers | What is the first line of defense? |
| The first line of defense includes... | Epidermis and mucosa, secretions (mucus, saliva, lacrimal, etc.), and normal microbiota on the skin and mucosa |
| The epidermis and mucosa are... | A good barrier when intact and have ciliated cells (lower respiratory) |
| Normal microbiota on skin and mucosa... | Colonize niches; out-compete pathogens, disease may result if killed (antibiotics, etc.) |
| Inflammation | What is the second line of defense? |
| The second line of defense includes... | Inflammatory mediators (bradykinin, histamine, etc.) and complement |
| Inflammatory mediators... | Alter blood flow, capillary permeability, etc., and attract phagocytic WBC's by chemotaxis |
| PMN's (neutrophils) come... | First, eat MO's, and release enzymes |
| Macrophages come... | Later, efficient killers and eaters, release toxic forms of oxygen (NO, nitric oxide), produce interleukins (IL); enhance response |
| Complement | Serum proteins that can become activated; help immune system destroy invaders |
| The Immune Response | What is the third line of defense? |
| Antigens (from MO) stimulate... | lymphocytes (B cells and T cells |
| B Cells | Produce plasma cells and make antibodies |
| Antibodies | Proteins that bind to antigens |
| IgC | Circulates in blood; Attaches to bacteria, viruses and Inactivates toxins |
| IgA | In secretions |
| IgM | Clumps antigens together |
| T Cells | Cell-mediated response (cell-to-cell contact), Kills MO's and regulate immune response, Remove abnormal or virus-infected cells |
| Immunization (Vaccination) | Antigens are injected; MO's (weakened or dead), components, neutralize toxins; Stimulates immune response (B cells, T cells, and memory cells) |
| Memory Cells | Confer immunity (future) |
| DPT (Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) | Contains cells fragments from Bordetella pertussisi and toxoids made from Diptheria and Tetanus exotoxins |
| Toxoids | Inactivated by heat, formaldehyde, etc.; Still antigenic: body produces antitoxins (antibodies) against them |
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