Bio
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 populations | individuals do not evolve, these do |
| evolution | heritable change in line of descent |
| Mutation | original source of new alleles |
| natural selection | can only occur in populations where there are selective pressures and differences in forms of heritable traits. survival of the fittest |
| stabilizing selection | eliminates uncommon forms of alleles, favors intermediates forms of a trait |
| Directional Selection | favors extreme forms of a trait |
| Disruptive Selection | favors extreme forms of traits, eliminates common forms of alleles |
| Sexual dimorphism | sexual selection, such as competition between males for access to fertile females, frequently influences aspects of body form leads to |
| Balanced polymorphism | persistence of the sickle allele at high frequency in a population |
| gene flow | tends to keep different populations of a species similar to one another, allele frequencies change owing to immigration, emigration or both |
| allopatric speciation | a fire devastates all trees in a wide swath of forest, populations of a tree dwelling frog on either side of the burned area diverge |
| genetic drift | change in a populations allele frequencies due to chance alone |
| adaptive radiation | burst of divergences from one lineage into a set of niches |
| coevolution | leads to interdependent species |
| Homologous Structures | may differ in size shape and function in major groups of organisms, mutation may lead to major differences between adults of related lineages by altering steps in embryo development. human arm and bird wing |
| morphological divergence | a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent |
| amino acid sequence | some mutations are neutral because they don't affect... |
| mitochondrial dna | may be used in cladistic comparison of different species, individuals of the same species |
| molecular clocks | based on comparisons of the neutral mutations between species |
| cladistics | based on character differences between species |
| divergence | in evolutionary trees each branch represents |
| Sister Groups | same age in cladograms |
| phylogeny | evolutionary history |
| cladogram | sets within sets |
| homeotic genes | similar across diverse taxa |
| analogous structures | insect wing and bird wing |
| Big bang model | universe is continuing to expand |
| oxygen | abundance of in atmosphere would have prevented the spontaneous assembly of organic cmpds |
| Stanley Miller | experiment illustrated that oxygen is necessary for life |
| Deep Sea vents | prevelance of iron sulfide cofactors in living organism that life may have arose near |
| protein formation | negatively charged clay particles played a role in |
| ribozyme | rna that acts as an enzyme |
| Heat from hydrothermal vents | certain pigments that evolved and were later used in photosynthesis may have originally helped cells detect.. |
| noncyclic pathway | evolution of caused increase in oxygen levels |
| aerobic bacteria | mitochondria probably descendants of |
| endosymbiosis | one cells lives in another and becomes interdependent |
| stromatolite | dome shaped structure formed by mats of photosynthetic cells and sediments |
| protists | first eukaryotes |
| virus | dna or rna may be the genetic material of a |
| dna | viroid consists entirely of, plasmid circle of |
| prokaryotic fission | how bacteriophages multiply |
| false | genetic material of hiv |
| transformation | bacteria transfer plasmids by |
| cyanobacteria | all are oxygen releasing phototrophs |
| proteobacteria | ecoli cells that live in your gut are |
| chlamydias | all are intracellular parasites of vertebrates |
| endospore | formed by gram positive bacteria to survive harsh conditions |
| pandemic | worldwide outbreak of a disease |
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