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• 4 parts of urinary system o 2 KIDNEYS o 2 URETERS o 1 BLADDER o 1 URETHRA • Function of the urinary system o 1.Regulation of blood ionic composition • Removing of ions into urine o 2.Regulation of blood pH. • Excretes H and conserves bicarbonate o 3.Regulation of blood volume • By conserving or eliminating water o 4.Regulation of blood pressure • Secretes hormone renin which causes increase in blood pressure o 5.Maintenance of blood osmolarity • Separately regulating blood water and solutes; helps maintain osmolarity o 6.Production of hormones • Regulates calcium homeostasis and production of RBCs o 7.Regulation of blood glucose level • Synthesis of glucose from amino acids o 8.Excretion of wastes and foreign substance • Ammonia, urea, bilirubin, uric acids, drugs, and environmental toxins o Renal cortex • Outer layer of the kidney o Renal medulla • Inner layer of the kidney o Renal columns • Between renal pyramids o Renal papillae • The apex of renal pyramids , points toward the renal hilum o Minor calyces • The structures which papillary ducts drain into o Major calyces • The structures which Minor Calyces ducts drain into o Hilum • Where arteries (with veins, nerves, lymph vessels, and ureters) enter the kidney o Renal corpuscle • where blood plasma is filtered • 2 components of a renal corpuscle • Glomerulus • Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule o Renal tubule • 3 parts • (1) proximal convoluted tubule, • (2) loop of Henle (nephron loop), and • (3) distal convoluted tubule o Glomerulus • (capillary network) o Glomerular capsule • dead-end tubular cup that collects the filtered plasma and funnels it into the renal tubule o Proximal convoluted tubule • 1st part of the Renal Tubule o Loop of Henle • mid part of the Renal Tubule o Distal convoluted tubule • Last part of the Renal Tubule o Collecting ducts • filtered plasma flows here after the Distal Convoluted tubule • drain into papillary ducts o Papillary ducts • drain through the renal papilla into the minor calyx o Glomerular filtrate • The fluid that enters the capsular • • On average, 150 liters in females and 180 liters in males • That represents about 65 times the entire blood plasma volume. • Only 1-2 liters (about 1-2 qt) are excreted as urine. o Micturition • Urination • Functional unit of the kidney o nephron • 3 parts of renal tubule o Proximal convoluted tubule o Loop of Henle o Distal convoluted tubule What percentage of glomerular filtrate that is reabsorbed 99% • Location and function of ureters o transports urine from the renal pelvis of one kidney to the urinary bladder • Location and function of urinary bladder o Hollow, expandable muscular organ -Capacity averages 700-800 mL o In males it is directly anterior to the rectum o In females it is anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus • 2 associated sphincter o internal urethral sphincter - inferior end of the bladder o external urethral sphincter on the superior end of the urethra • Which urethral sphincter voluntary? External • Location and function of urethra o Small tube leading from the internal urethral orifice in the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body. Male vs Female urethra o In females, 4 cm (1.5 in.)long o In males, 20 cm (8 in.) long • 3 parts male urethra o 1.Prostatic urethra - passes through prostate o 2.Membranous urethra - shortest, passes through deep perineal muscles o 3.Spongy urethra - longest, passes through penis • Pathway of glomerular filtrate/urine Glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → Loop of Henle → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct → papillary duct → renal papilla → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra