| Term | Definition |
| devonian (stem) tetrapods | acanthostega, ichthyostega |
| temnospondyls (batrachomorpha) | large heads with akinetic skull |
| lissamphibia (batrachomorpha) | all modern amphibians |
| diadectomorpha (reptilomorpha) | semi aquatic, fully terrestrial. extinct |
| amniota (reptilomorpha) | any organism that develops an embryo in many protective layers (eggs or amniotic fluid) |
| synapsida (amniota | form of ancient reptile with a single opening behind each eye on the skull |
| testudines(amniota | turtles, tortoises, and terrapins |
| diapsida (amniota | two holes in each side of skull |
| archosaurs (diapsida | dinosaurs, crocodiles, birds. |
| lepidosaurs (diapsida | lizards with overlapping scales ex/ tauratura. most successful of modern reptiles |