Introduction to illness
Order by
88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 illness | a condition marked by pronounced deviation from the normal state of the body |
| disease | abnormality of structure or function of part, organ, or system |
| major causes of disease | injury, infection, genetic factor, congenital, degenerative diseases, nutritional diseases |
| infection | caused by microorganisms |
| genetic | caused by genes |
| congenital | birth defects |
| degenerative | breaking down of tissues in any body system |
| nutritional | a lack of essential vitamins, minerals, or ther substances required for health |
| metabolic disorder | disruption of cellular metabolism ex. diabetes |
| immune disorder | related to the system that protects us against infectious disease ex. chicken pox |
| neoplasm disorder | new growth includes cancer |
| autoimmune | against self ex. MS, arthritis, diabetes, AIDS |
| psychiatric disorders | mental disorders |
| predisposing cause of disease | age, gender, heredity, living conditions, emotional disturbance, physical and chemical damage, occupational, preexisting illness |
| chain of infection | portal of entry, susceptible host, causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission |
| portals of entry and exit | skin, respiratory tract, digestive system, urinary and reproductive system |
| susceptible host | ability to be affected by a disease producing microorganism |
| host | a person in which an organism lives |
| what makes a person susceptible? | age, health, broken skin |
| causative agent | any microorganism capable of causing disease ex, bacteria, fungi, viruses |
| virulence | strength or ability to penetrate mucous membrane, multiply, secrete harmful products, and resist phagocytosis |
| reservoir | environment in which infectious agents can survive and reproduce |
| examples of a reservoir | infected wound, human or animal waste, animals, insects, contaminated water and food, person with the infection |
| modes of transmission | from infected human, insect, or animal host to another susceptible host through direct or indirect contact |
| droplet | a spray of moist particles 3 feet or less |
| airborne | greater than 3 feet |
| vehicle | contaminated objects such as hands, equipment, water |
| vector | animal or insect that's a carrier |
| fomite | non living objects can carry infection with it |
| carrier | can have a disease with no signs or symptoms but is able to pass the illness to others |
| how do we stop the spread of disease? | have to break the link, wash hands |
| other disease causing agents | physical (extreme temps.), radiation and electrical shock, chemical agents |
| pathophysiology | relationship between the pathologic and physiologic processes of medical disorders, the study of disease |
| etiology | study of the cause of disease |
| incidence | range of occurrence tendency to effect certain groups of individuals more than others |
| acute | severe but short term |
| chronic | might be less severe but long term (arthritis) |
| subacute | lie between acute and chronic |
| idiopathic | no known cause |
| communicable | can be transmitted from one person to another |
| epidemic | many people in a given region have a disease at the same time |
| endemic | continuous in a particular region |
| pandemic | affects the entire country or continent |
| diagnosis | conclusion as to the nature of an illness |
| prognosis | prediction of the probable outcome of the disease |
| symptoms | felt by the patient, subjective |
| signs | what you see, objective |
| syndrome | group of symptoms that accompany a disorder |
| CAM | complementary and alternative medicine, naturopathy, chiropractic, acupuncture, biofeedback, exercise, massage, yoga, meditation |
| biofeedback | teaches a person to control an involuntary response |
| infectious disease | invasion of the body by disease producing microorganisms |
| local | restricted to a small area |
| systemic | wide spread, through your whole body system |
| opportunistic | occurs because the host is weakened and susceptible to disease |
| microbiology | the study of microscopic organisms |
| normal flora | population of microorganisms that normally grows on and within the human body |
| bacteria | single cell organisms, found everywhere, mutate to survive, susceptible to antibiotics |
| anaerobic | bacteria can grow without O2 |
| aerobic | bacteria grows with O2 |
| what does bacterial growth depend on? | whether or not there is O2, nutrition, light, temp, and humidity |
| cocci | round bacteria |
| bacilli | rod shaped bacteria |
| genus name | represented by a capital letter ( E. in E. coli) |
| species name | all small letters, italics |
| Rickettsia | transmitted by bites of lice, ticks, and fleas that act as vectors |
| Chlamydia | usually affects the urinary system and reproductive system (STD's) |
| viruses | extremely small microorganisms, grow only within living cells, can trigger disease or lay dormant, antibiotics not effective |
| how do viruses differ from bacteria? | multiply only within living cells, tiny, named according to where isolated, the symptoms they cause, the host, or the vector that carries them |
| fungi | large group of simple plantlike organisms, few are pathogenic ex. yeast, molds |
| protozoa | animal like single celled parasites found all over the world, cause malaria |
| parasitic worms | parasites with human hosts, alson called helminths |
| infestation | presence of parasitic worms in the body |
| round worms | ascaris, pinworms, hookworms, trichina |
| flatworms | ribbonlike or leaf shaped, tapeworms (grow in the intestinal tract) |
| microbal control | increase in worlds population, disruption of animal habitat, increased travel, opportunistic infections, changes in food handling |
| microbes and public health | sewage and garbage disposal, purification of water supplies, prevention of food contamination, milk pasteurization |
| aseptic methods | sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis |
| sterilization | kills all microorganisms |
| disinfection | kills all pathogens except spores |
| antisepsis | pathogens not necessarily killed but are prevented from multiplying |
| antiseptics | used on living tissue, not toxic, primarily inhibits growth, ex. alcohol, iodine, peroxide |
| disinfectants | used on non living objects, toxic, kills bacteria, bacteriocidal, ex. lysol, bleach, pine sol |
| infection control techniques | standard precautions, handwashing, OSHA |
| antimicrobial agents | antibiotics, antiviral agents, antifungal agents |
| bacteriocidal antibiotics (kills bacteria) | penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycocides, fluroquinolones |
| bacteriostatic antibiotics | stops bacteria from multiplying, ex. tetracyclines, erythromycin, sulfonamides |
| antifulgan agents | systemic, topical |
| antivirals | Zovirax, Famvir, Valtrex (look alike, sound alike) |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.