Broom Psychology Finals
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 3 theories of mental disorders | Supernatural, biological/natural, and Psychological |
| Supernatural Theories | view abnormality as a result of divine intervention, curses, demonic possession, and personal sin |
| Biological/Natural Theories | abnormality as similar to physical disease; a breakdown of some systems of the body |
| Psychological Theories | see mental illness as a result of some trauma |
| Ancient China | mostly a NATURAL/BIOLOGICAL approach to abnormality; belief that emotions were a result of "vital air" flowing over certain organs |
| Yin and Yang | belief that emotions were a result of "vital air" flowing over certain organs |
| Plato | believed mental disorders were caused by the rational mind being overcome by impulse, passion, or appetite |
| Ancient Greece, Egypt, Rome, and mental illness | "insane" people were often confined to their homes, had their property taken away and were not allowed to marry |
| Treatment for mental illness: Stone Age | Drilling of the skull |
| Medieval Theories | (IThe Inquisition) originated as a way to identify and punish religious heretics, but "witches" and "satanists" were also arrested |
| Birth of mental hospitals | Phillip Pinel; reformer, stated that mental illness is a sickness, discovery of syphilis causes brain damage, and that mental patients needed the opposite of what they've been treated, hospitals replaced asylums |
| Modern mental health | Mental illness needs to be diagnosed, on symptoms and cured through therapy, treatment in hospital, Act For Regulating Madhouse 1774 |
| Anxiety disorders | Marked by distressing, persistent aniexty or dysfunctional anxiety-disorder Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, post-traumatic stress disorder |
| Dissociative disorders | Disorder of the conciousness, in which a person appears to experience a sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often in response to an overwhelmingly stressful situation |
| Mood disorders | Emotional extremes, depression and bipolar |
| Personality disorders | Dysfunctional behavior patterns impair's peoples social functioning without depression or delusions. Disruptive, inflexible and enduring behavior patterns Avoidant personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, histronic, narcisstic, antisocial |
| Social-Cognitive perspective to therapy | Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context |
| Learning perspective (behavioral) and psychological disorders | Phobias and sexual disorders are learned and can be replaced by constructive behavior |
| Behavioral therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors |
| Act for Regulating Madhouses | passed in 1774, designed to clean up conditions and prevent people from being unjustly committed, required licensing and inspection, as well as a physician signature for admission, applied only to paying patients in private institutions |
| Emil Kraeplin | developed early classification system for mental disorders that is the basis for today's system |
| DSM-IV | American Psychiatric Associaton's Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders, a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | client is tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal |
| Bipolar Disorder | a MOOD DISORDER, in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania |
| Schizophrenia | a PSYCHOTIC DISORDER, literal translation is "SPLIT MIND" |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members EX. stealing from grandmother |
| Mental Disorders | people suffer from mental disorders when their CULTURE recognizes that their mental condition is causing them harm. Unusual is NOT abnormal, there are good deviances including being "much brighter than average |
| Attribution Theory | tendency to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition |
| Effects of Attribution | EX. happily married couple attribute unkind remarks as spouse having a bad day BUT an UNhappily married couple attribute unkind remarks as spouse being hostile person |
| Attitudes | often based on our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events |
| Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon | "start small and build", tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
| Cognitive Dissonancy Theory | we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistant |
| Asch's Experiments | taught us about CONFORMITY, part of Social Influence |
| Milgram | found that 63% of participants complied to the commands to shock another person. Given the choice between morality and obedience, obedience typically won |
| Social Facilitation | improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered |
| Social Loafing | tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable EX. if students have group project, one person doesn't really contribute |
| Deindividuation | loss of self-awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
| Gender Role | a set of expected behaviors for males and for females |
| Ingroup Bias | tendency to favor one's own group EX. WE CHEER, KILL, AND DIE FOR OUR OWN GROUP |
| Frustration-Aggression Principle | the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal |
| Genetic Influence | twins studies support genetic influence on aggression |
| Hot Weather | Increases Aggression |
| Eclectic Approach | an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses or integrates techniques from various forms of therapy (MAJORITY uses this approach) |
| Resistance | EX. therapist working with someone but the patient won't dicuss it and changes the subject about an issue |
| Interpretation | the analyst's noting supposed DREAMS meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight |
| Transference | the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships EX. patient becomes angry with therapist over issues about mother |
| Critics on Psychoanalysis | interpretations are hard to refute because they cannot be proven or dis-proven, very expensive and takes a long time |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud assumed that many psychological problems are fueled by childhood's residue of repressed impulses and conflicts, sought to bring these feelings into conscious awareness and to know inner-self better |
| Humanistic Approach | help people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance |
| Humanistic Approach vs. Psychoanalysis | Clients, NOT Patients |
| Active Listening | empathic listening in which listener echoes, restates and clarifies |
| 3 Steps to Active Listening | paraphrase (reword the sentence), invite clarification, reflect feelings |
| Counterconditioning | procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors, based on classical conditioning, includes systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning |
| Systematic Desensitization | associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli EX. on a plane |
| 3 Types of Group Therapy | Family, couples, and self-help groups |
| Family Therapy | therapy that treats the family as a system. views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication |
| Meta-analysis | provides a way of statistically combining the results of individual research studies to reach an overall conclusion. after seeking treatment patients have a higher rate of positive outcomes |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. (shock therapy) |
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