APUSH Supreme Court Cases
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Created by:
11rayann on May 4, 2010
Subjects:
apush, court cases, supreme court cases
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 John Peter Zenger 1735 | lays foundation for freedom of the Press- _____ is accused of libel against the Royal Governor of new York, Wiliam Cosby, but proves that what he said was true. Defense attorney Andrew Hamilton: "It is right which all freeman claim, and are entitled to, to complain when they are hurt: they have a right publicly to remonstrate against the abuses of power..." |
| Marbury v. Madison 1803 | est. Judicial Review "midnight judges" John marshall ests. power of Supreme Court to judge constitutionality of a law. |
| Fletcher v. Peck 1810 | Georgia land grant to Yazoo land Co., contract acquired by fraud, marshall, Contract is a Contract, Constitution forbids states from impairing contracts. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 | est. National Supremacy. est. implied powers: Use of Elastic Clause (art 1 sec 8) State is unable to tax federal institution: John Marshall: "The power to tax involves the power to destroy." |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819 | College granted charter by King George III New Hampshire tried to turn the school into a public college, but Marshall reaffirms that a contract is a contract. Daniel Webster defends College. |
| Cohens v. Virginia 1812 | _____ illegally sells lottery tickets, Marshall sides with Virginia but est. right of Supreme Court to review decisions of State Supreme Courts. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 | est. federal power of regulating interstate commerce. New York gives exclusive water rights to Aaron ____ to provide service across Hudson River to New Jersey. Thomas ____ holds a federal license to transport goods Court upholds _____'s claim. |
| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831 | Marshall Court determined that they did not have the authority to hear this case |
| Worcester v. Georgia 1832 | Marshall determined that Cherokees were a sovereign nation under U.S. Treaty, and [state] could not interfere, Andrew Jackson: "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it." |
| U.S. v. Cinque 1839-40 | [Amistad] Slaves murder their captors on slave ship- prove Separation of Courts from Executive Branch. Courts determine these slaves were Africans captures in violations of antislave importation laws of 1808. Chief justice Roger Taney is a slave owner himself but finds justice for ____ and the slaves are freed. |
| Scott v. Sanford 1865 | a slave that sues for his freedom, due to his years in a free state. Taney Court determines slaves aren't citizens so they can't use the courts & the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was found unconstitutional. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 | est. "Seperate but equal" |
| Schenck v. U.S. 1919 | Oliver Wendell Holmes; clear and present danger test; shouting 'fire" in a crowded theater' limits on speech, esp. in wartime. |
| Gitlow v. New York 1925 | est. precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states); states cannot deny freedom of speech- it is protected through the 14th amendment. |
| Brown v. Board I 1954 | School segregation uncont; seg. psych. damaging to blacks; overturned "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson case; warren Court's judicial activism; unanimous decision |
| Brown v. Board II 1955 | Ordered schools to desegregate "with all due and deliberate speed." |
| Mapp v. Ohio 1961 | Est. Exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence that cannot be used in court- it is "excluded," Warren Court's judicial activism. |
| Gideon v. Wainwright 1963 | Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them; Warren Court's judicial activism in area of criminal rights. |
| Griswald v. Connecticut 1965 | Est'd right of privacy through4th and 9th amendments. |
| Miranda v. Arizona 1966 | Est. warnings of counsel and silence for those accused of a crime must be given before questioning; Warren Court's judicial activism in the area of criminal rights. |
| Epperson v. Arkansas 1968 | Prohibited states from from banning the teaching of evolution. |
| Miller v. California 1973 | Est'd guidelines for obscenity; instead of defining obscenity as being that which utterly lacks redeeming value, obscenity is now that which lacks serious redeeming value - makes it somewhat easier to convict on obscenity charges. |
| Roe v. Wade 1973 | Est'd national abortion guidelines; trimester system: 1st trimester: no state interference; 2nd trimester: state may regulate to protect health of mother; 3rd trimester: state may regulate to protect the health of unborn child. |
| U.S. v. Nixon 1973 | Alllowed for executive privilege, but not when criminal case involved, "Even the president is not above the law," Watergate. |
| Lau v. Nichols 1974 | States must provide bilingual education or some type of support for students whose native language is not English. |
| U.C. Regents v. Bakke 1987 | Alan _____ and U.C. Davis Med. School; strict quotas unconst., but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor for admission decision; he was admitted. |
| Adarand v. Pena 1995 | Strict scrutiny for affirmative action programs: such programs must be narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest. |
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