Chapter 12 Middle Ages
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 temperate | mild; moderate in tempurature |
| deforestation | the process if clearing the land of forests |
| navigable | able to be traveled by boats or ships |
| Eurasia | a large land mass that includes the continents of Europe and Asia |
| North Sea | a large arm of the Atlantic Ocean, between Great Britain and continental Europe |
| North European Plain | a large, fertile area that extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains |
| Seine River | a river that flows from eastern France northward into the English Channel |
| Middle Ages | a period in European history between AD 500 and about the 1500's |
| manor | in the Middle Ages, a large self-sufficient estate granted to a lord and wokred by serfs |
| serf | in the Middle Ages, a person who was bound to work on a nobles manor |
| fuedalism | starting in Europe around AD 800, a system for organizing and governing society based on land and service |
| lord | in the Middle Ages, a noble who owned and controlled all activities on his manor |
| vassal | in the Middle Ages, a noble who usually was given a fief by his lord in exchange for his loyalty |
| fief | in the Middle Ages, a property given to a vassel in exchange for his loyalty |
| guild | in the Middle Ages, a property given to a vassal in exchange for his loyalty |
| Magna Carta | a legal document written by English lords in 1215 that started certain rights and limited the power of the king |
| Charlemagne | king of the Franks from 786 to 814, and emperor of Rome from 800 to 814 |
| William the Conqueror | Norman king; in 1066 he defeated Harold, the Anglo-Saxon king to become the first Norman king of England |
| King John I | King of England from AD 1199 to 1216; in 1215 he signed the Magna Carta, giving more rights to British nobles |
| Aachen | capital of Charlemagne empire, c.800; a city in present day Germany |
| Normandy | a region in Northwestern France on the English Channel |
| England | part of the United Kingdom, on the island of Great Britain |
| point of view | the position of someone towards the world or subject, shaped by his or her thinking, attitude, and feelings |
| monastary | a community in which monks lead lives devoted to religion |
| nun | a women who devotes her life to religion, often living in a convent |
| convent | a religious community in which women, or nuns, live and pray |
| cathedral | a large or important Christian church |
| saint | a women or man considered by a religous group to be especially holy |
| Crusade | any of the journeys and battles undertaken by European Christians between 1095 andd 1270 to win control of the holy land (Palestine) from the Muslims |
| plague | a terrible disease that spreads quicly and kills many people |
| Benedict | Italian monk; founder of the Benedictine order |
| Francis of Assisi | Italian monk who founded the Franciscan order; he devoted his life to serving the poor and sick |
| Pope Urban II | Pope who called for the First Crusade to reclaim Jerusalum from the Muslims |
| Chartres | a city in northwestern France, noted for its cathedral |
| Renaissance | a period of great cultural artistic change that began in Italy around 1350 and spread throughout Europe |
| humanism | an idea important to the Renaissance that focused on human values and what peopl can achieve in this world |
| patron | a supporter of the arts |
| Lorenzo Medici | ruler of Florence during the Renaissance and patrons of artists such as Michaelangelo |
| Petrarch | Italian Renaissance poet and humanist |
| Michaelangelo | Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Italian Renaissance artist, inventor, and scientist |
| Nicholaus Copernicus | Polish astronomer; in 1514 he discovered that Earth and the other planets revvolve around the sun |
| Florence | a city in present day Itales of the great center of Renaissance art |
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