final exam I
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71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 osteocytes | bone cells; osteoblasts (creating); osteoclasts (destroying) |
| ossification | stages of bone formation |
| flat bones | thin, flat, curved (costals (ribs), cranial (skull), sternum (breastbone), scapula |
| articulation | Joints |
| long bones | long as they are wide |
| parts long bone | periosteum, diaphysis, epiphysis, epiphyseal disc, medullary cavity, articular cartilage |
| synovial joints | freely movable joints, 'joint capsule' surrounds the joint |
| two layers of synovial joints | outer: stratum fibrosum (surrounds ends of bone) inner: stratum synovium ( lots blood flow/no nerve) |
| calcium | makes bones stronger |
| vertebrae | 26 bones; 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacral, 1 coccyx |
| hypomobility | less mobility than what you normally have |
| R.O.M. | range of motion |
| sprain | ligaments only |
| 1st degree sprain | pain, swelling but abler to bear weight and move thru normal R.O.M |
| 2nd degree sprain | larger tear, inability to bear weight w/o pain, compromised ROM |
| 3rd degree sprain | serious injury, rupture of ligament w/ inability to bear weight, loss of normal ROM |
| skeletal muscle | type of tissue; straight; voluntary |
| cardiac muscle | boxy shaped; striated; involuntary |
| smooth muscle | irregular shaped;nonstriated;involuntary |
| fascia layers | connective tissue; endomysium (indiv. muscle fiber); perimysium (around a bundle or fasicle); epimysium (covers entire muscle) |
| lactic acid | sore muscles; built up because not enough O2 |
| intercalcated disc | allows all of the areas of the heart muscle to contract rhythmically |
| fast twitch white | 100 yard dash; contract fast and fatigues fast TYPE OF FIBER |
| fast twitch red | contracts fast; fatigues more slowly; 1 mile run TYPE OF FIBER |
| slow twitch red | contracts slowly and fatigues slowly; marathon TYPE OF FIBER |
| period of contraction | latent period;contraction period;relaxation period; refraction period |
| latent period | muscle at rest |
| contraction period | myofilaments slide past each other |
| relaxation period | original position |
| refractory period | replenishing supply of O2, glucose, & ATP |
| function of muscle tissue | motion, posture, heat production |
| sliding filament theory | 1.nerve impulse 2.calcium release 3.sliding filament 4.relaxation |
| myoglobin | protein that transports oxygen |
| length of fiber | microscopic to over a foot |
| nervous tissue cell type | neuron (dendrite, cell body, axon, axon terminal); neurogalia |
| sympathetic | 'fight or flight'; stimulated; blood goes to muscles |
| afferent | ascending-sensory |
| efferent | descending-motor |
| meningies | cushion/protective covering; 3 layers that surround and protect the brain. |
| dura mater | hard mother;outer layer |
| arachnoid mater | sub-arachnoid mater (weblike); middle layer |
| pia mater | soft mother; inner layer; next to brain |
| parasympathetic | relaxes; blood goes to digestive and reproductive; 'Feed and Breed' |
| PNS | cranial nerves (12); spinal nerves (31) |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| cranial nerves | 1-12 OOOTTAFVGVAH |
| Optic nerve | I. vision |
| Olfactory | II. smell |
| Oculomotor | III. move eye & pupil size |
| Troclear | IV. move eye |
| Trigeminal | V. chewing, sensation in scalp, teeth, face and eyes |
| Abducens nerve | VI. moves eyes |
| Facial nerve | VII. Expression, tears, and taste |
| Vestibulocochlear nerve | VIII. sense of hearing and balance |
| Glosssopharyngeal nerve | IX. taste, swallowing and blood pressure |
| Vagus | X. longest nerve; smooth muscle, digestion and BP |
| Accessory Nerve | XI. swallowing, moving shoulders and head |
| Hypoglossal Nerve | XII. speech |
| endocrine system | bodies communication and feedback system |
| pancreas | endocrine gland; secretes glucagon and insulin |
| pituitary | hGH; LH; FSH-endocrine gland |
| thyroid | secretes calcitonin |
| parathyroid | secretes parathyroid hormone; endocrine gland |
| adrenals | adrenoline |
| pineal | melotonin |
| peptide hormone | lock and Key; receptors attach |
| steroid hormone | diffuses through membrane-hormone glands are adrenal and gonad-all the rest are peptide |
| accessories of the eye | eyebrow, lids, lashes, lacrimal glands, canthus' |
| ear parts | outer- auricle, external auditory canal; middle- tympanic membrane, ossicles, eustatian tube; inner- oval window, cochlear, semicircular canal, and vestibule. |
| endochondral | ossification; when cartilage turns to bone |
| 8 stages | cartilage model; bone collar; P.O.C; nutrient artery; epiphyseal disc; S.O.C.; medullary cavity; epiphyseal line |
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