Socioloogy Social Deviance
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sociology | the systematic and scientific study of group behavior |
| folkways | are norms that are customary, normal, habitual ways a group does things |
| mores | are norms that are associated with fairly strong ideas of right and wrong; they carry a moral connotation |
| laws | are rules that are enforced and sanctioned by the authority of government |
| criminal wrong | a wrong where the crime is considered to be so serious that it threatens everyone in society not just the immediate victim |
| non-criminal (civil) wrong | a wrong against a particular individual |
| non-criminal (civil) law | laws that regulate the rights between the individual or organization |
| crime | an intentional act or omission in violation of criminal law, committed without defense or justification, and sanctioned by the State as a felony or a misdemeanor |
| Mens Rea | criminal intent, or the mental element required to establish culpability or guilt |
| Four Menatal Sates of Culpability | acting purposely, knowingly, recklessly, or negligently |
| Three Sources of Criminal Law | Constitutions, Statutes, Court Decisions |
| statutory law | statutes passed by Congress |
| common law (case-law) | laws that have evolved from prior judicial decisions |
| mala in se crimes | crimes that are "evil in themselves", such as rape, murder, arson, and aggravated assault |
| mala prohibita crimes | crimes which are considered to be evil because they are "forbidden", such as traffic violations |
| felony | a crime for which a person may be sentenced to death or a long prison term |
| misdemeanor | an offense for which a fine or a short jail sentence can be imposed |
| Deterrence Theory | the theory, formulated by Jack Gibbs (1975), which states that crime and deviance will be deterred if social sanctions are perceived to be certain, swift, and severe |
| Differential Association | the theory that people learn to be deviant when more of their associates favor deviance than favor conformity |
| Social Control Theory | theory that states when social control mechanisms are weakened, people are not motivated to conform |
| XYY Chromosome Theory | the theory that the relationship between an extra Y chromosome found in some males gives them a propensity toward criminal behavior |
| PMS Theory | the theory that states when estrogen levels become too low, and testosterone levels become too high, women during PMS may commit acts of violence |
| Uniform Crime Reports | reports violent crimes and property crimes |
| National Youth Survey | a five year tracking of adolescents and their involvement in crime |
| National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) | is the measurement of crime victimization based on contact with the representative sample of over 70,000 households in the US |
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