Final Exam
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Created by:
jlanes2011 on May 6, 2010
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 esophagus | the muscular tube between the pharynx and the stomach |
| stomach | a muscular pouch located in the abdomen, the chemical digestion of proteins begins |
| cardiac sphincter | located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach |
| pyloric sphincter | the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum |
| small intestine | The section of the intestine that is between the stomach and large intestine; site of most absorption of nutrients |
| colon | primarily involved in water absorption and feces formation; the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum |
| rectum | the terminal portion of the large intestine where the feces are stored until they are eliminated |
| anus | A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body |
| heart | multi-chambered, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body |
| spleen | Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells |
| renal artery | Carries blood from aorta to kidney |
| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart |
| kidney | organ responsible for cleansing and purifying the blood |
| ovary | one of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones |
| oviduct | a tube connecting the ovaries and the uterus |
| teste | Located on outside of male body which produces sperm and testosterone. |
| seminal cord | Tube between teste and penis that transports sperm |
| dorsal cord | (Spinal Cord) - protective bony covering of nervous system |
| sympathetic chain of ganglia | Parallel to dorsal cord - nerves that innervate muscles for movement |
| brain | that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers, in the skull |
| ciliary muscle | the tissue and muscle that surrounds the lens of the eye. |
| choroid | vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to outer portion of the retina |
| scerla | tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve |
| fovea | the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster |
| optic disk | the point where the optic nerve enters the retina |
| vitreous chamber | Behind the lens, filled with vitreous humor, gelatinous. |
| posterior chamber | Space between iris and lens which is filled with aqueous humor |
| anterior chamber | humor-filled space between the cornea and iris |
| pancreas | gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food |
| gall bladder | stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum |
| liver | Large organ just above the stomach that produces bile |
| bile duct | Moves bile from the gall bladder to the stomach |
| aorta | The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues. |
| vena cava | either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart |
| atria | the two upper chambers of the heart- the receiving areas that pool incoming blood. |
| ventricle | lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart |
| pulmonary artery | one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary vein | any of four veins that carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart |
| trachea | membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi |
| lungs | two spungy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage; responsible for respiration |
| diaphragm | Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing |
| larynx | voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords; at top of trachea |
| pharynx | throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx |
| bladder | elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body |
| ureter | either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct |
| scrotum | the external pouch(sac of skin) that contains the testicles,just under the penis. regulates temp |
| penis | the organ through which both semen and urine leave the male body, lower body |
| thyroid gland | produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth |
| thymus | a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity |
| vagina | in the human female reproductive system, a canal that leads from the uterus to the outside of the body |
| ciliary muscle | the tissue and muscle that surrounds the lens of the eye., smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near-vision capability |
| retina | the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information |
| lens | transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina |
| iris | a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening |
| cornea | transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; protective layer |
| pupil | the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters |
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