Scientific Revolution/Enlightenment
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Created by:
laurajstocks on May 6, 2010
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Classes:
Global Essentials/AIS - Ms.Cook, 2012-2013, Mr. Curtis 7th Grade Social Studies, JUDICIAL JUNIORS, MRS. S. PATTERSON 2012-13, DHS WORLD HISTORY, ASMS Stocks
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Scientific Revolution | A major shift in thinking between 1500 and 1700 in which modern science emerged as a new way of gaining knowledge about the natural world |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Proposed the heliocentric theory that put the sun in the center of the earth with the planets traveling around the sun. |
| Johannes Kepler | Improved upon Copernicus's theory by showing that the planetary orbits were ellipses (ovals) not circles; wrote mathematical laws describing the movement of the planets |
| heliocentric | having the sun at the center |
| geocentric | having Earth at the center |
| Galileo | was forced by the church court known as the Inquisition to swear that the geocentric theory was true |
| Galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who built his own telescope and found four moons revolving around Jupiter |
| Isaac Newton | Discovered the laws of gravity |
| microscope, barometer, thermometer, telescope | four "key" inventions of the Scientific Revolution |
| salon | an informal meeting place where ideas are exchanged |
| The Enlightenment | a new age of reason in which people discussed how governments and social institutions could be based upon rational understanding |
| Thomas Hobbes | Englishman who wrote that human beings are naturally cruel, selfish and greedy. |
| Thomas Hobbes | Believed that there should be absolute (unlimited) rule by kings |
| John Locke | Believed in constitutional monarchy |
| constitutional monarchy | a form of government in which the monarch's (king's) power is limited by a basic set of laws (constitution) |
| natural rights | rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings |
| John Locke | Believed that a government should be overthrown by the people if it fails to protect their rights |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Famous for the idea of having three branches of government so that no one branch may have too much power |
| Baron de Montesquieu | known for the concept of "separation of powers" |
| Voltaire | believed in religious tolerance and freedom of speech |
| Cesare Beccaria | believed that punishment should fit the crime, in speedy and public trials, and that capital punishment should be done away with completely |
| capital punishment | putting someone to death (the dealth penalty) |
| Declaration of Independence | John Locke's ideas regarding natural rights and the purpose of government are echoed in this U.S. document |
| U.S. Bill of Rights | This U.S. document protects freedom of speech and religion as championed by Voltaire. |
| Madame Geoffrin | Prominent sponsor of "salons" in France |
| Abigail Adams | Advised her prominent husband not to forget women when she stated, "Women will not hold ourselves bound to any Laws in which we have no voice." |
| Olympe de Gouges | Branded a traitor and sent to the guillotine in France for attempting to organize women. Said that women should have the right to vote, hold office, own property, and serve in the military. |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Called for reforms (changes) to give women the same education as men. |
| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | The first person to see bacteria through a microscope |
| rationalism | The belief that reason (logical thought) can be used to discover basic truths about the world. |
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