Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell Cycle | The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells |
| somatic cell | All body cells except the reproductive cells |
| Gametes | Reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells) |
| sister chromatid | Two chromatids each containing an identical DNA molecule |
| centromere | The region where two chromatids are attached |
| Mitosis | The division of the cell's nucleus |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm right after mitosis |
| interphase | 90% of the cell cycle where cells grow and copy chromosomes in preparation for cell division |
| G1 phase | The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows |
| S Phase | The phase of the cell cycle that copies chromosomes |
| G2 phase | The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows more as it completes preparations for cell division |
| Prophase | The phase of mitosis where the chromatin becomes more tightly coiled into discrete chromosomes, the nucleoli disappears, and the mitotic spindle begins to form in the cytoplasm |
| Prometaphase | The phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope begins to fragment, the two chromatids of each chromosome are held together by a kinetochore at the centromere, and the microtubules attach to the kinetochores |
| Metaphase | The phase of mitosis where the microtubules move the chromosomes to the metaphase plate and the centrioles have moved to opposite poles in the cell |
| Anaphase | The phase of mitosis where sister chromatids begin to separate and the cell elongates with the help of motor molecules; by the end of this phase the opposite ends of the cell both contain complete and equal sets of chromosomes |
| Telophase | The phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelopes re-form around the sets of chromosomes, the chromatin fiber of the chromosomes becomes less condensed, and then cytokinesis begins |
| Cell cycle control system | A system of checkpoints during the cell cycle that includes the G1 phase checkpoint, G2 phase checkpoint, and M (mitotic) phase checkpoint |
| Kinase | The protein enzyme that controls the cell cycle; they exist in the cells at all times but are active only when they are connected to cyclin proteins |
| Density-dependent inhibition | The process in which crowded cells stop dividing |
| Anchorage dependency | A type of dependency in which normal cells must be attached to a substratum to divide |
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