Nutrition and Wellness (Comprehensive- ALL UNITS!)
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Culture | everything about the way a group of people lives |
| Emotional health | the overall condition of a person's emotions |
| Health | combined state of physical, psychological, emotional, and social well being |
| Lifestyle | everything about the way one person, a couple, or a family choose to live |
| Nutrition | the study of nutrients and how they are used by the body |
| Organic food | a food produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or growth hormones |
| Physical health | the overall condition of a person's body |
| Psychological health | the overall condition of a person's attitudes |
| Social health | the overall condition of a person's ability to relate to others around them |
| Technology | the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes such as reaching goals, meeting needs, and solving problems |
| Wellness | the process of acquiring and maintaining physical, psychological, emotional, and social health |
| Amino acid | one of the building blocks of protein molecules |
| Antioxidant | a substance that helps protect your body from cell damage that can lead to health problems |
| Atherosclerosis | hardened and narrowed arteries caused by plaque deposits |
| Carbohydrate | an essential nutrient that is the body's main source of energy; includes sugars and starches |
| Cholesterol | a waxy liquid found in every cell of the body; found in foods from animal sources |
| Complete protein | a protein that contains all the essential amino acids |
| Complex carbohydrates | starches; carbohydrates made of many sugars attached together |
| Dehydration | a state in which the body contains a lower than normal amount of body fluid |
| Dental caries | tooth decay |
| Diabetes mellitus | lack of, or inability to use the hormone insulin, which results in the build up of glucose in the bloodstream |
| Dietary fiber | plant material that cannot be digested |
| Diuretic | a substance that increases urine production |
| Essential amino acid | an amino acid that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet |
| Fat | a nutrient that provides a concentrated source of energy, and helps protect the body from sudden changes in outside temperature |
| Fat soluble vitamin | a vitamin that dissolves in fats; A,D,E, and K |
| HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) | picks up cholesterol from around the body and transports it back to the liver for removal from the body |
| Hypoglycemia | low blood glucose levels |
| Incomplete protein | a protein that is missing one or more of the essential amino acids |
| Lactose intolerance | inability to digest lactose |
| LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) | carries cholesterol made by the liver to the blood cells |
| Macromineral | a mineral required in the diet in an amount of 100 milligrams or more per day |
| Micromineral | a mineral required in the diet in an amount less than 100 mg |
| Non essential amino acid | an amino acid that can be synthesized by the body |
| Nutrient | a chemical substance in food that helps to maintain the body |
| Phytochemicals | enhancing non-nutrient compounds in plant foods that are active in the body at the cellular level |
| Protein | one of the six basic nutrients composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; the body uses it for growth and maintenance |
| Saturated fatty acid | a fatty acid that has no double bonds in its chemical structure and carries a full load of hydrogen atoms; solid at room temperature. |
| Simple carbohydrates | sugars; carbohydrates made of one or two sugar units |
| Trans-fatty acid | a fatty acid with an odd molecule shape that forms when oils are partially hydrogenated |
| Starch | a polysaccharide that is the storage form of energy in plants; a complex carbohydrate found in foods such as potatoes, corn, rice, grits, pasta,oatmeal, and cornmeal |
| Water soluble vitamin | a vitamin that dissolves in water and is not stored in the body; examples include vitamin C or B complex |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | a fatty acid that has at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in a carbon atom chain and is missing at least two hydrogen atoms; is liquid at room temperature |
| Anorexia nervosa | a psychological disorder in which one eats very little or refuses to eat |
| Binge eating disorder | a psychological disorder in which one binges but does not purge or exercise excessively |
| Bulimia nervosa | a psychological disorder in which one repeatedly binges and then purges |
| Dietary Guidelines for Americans | a set of guidelines about food choices developed by the US government |
| Eating disorder | extreme, unhealthy behavior relating to food, eating and weight |
| Food additive | a substance added to food products that causes desired changes in the products |
| Food drug interaction | a physical or chemical effect a drug has on a food or a food has on a drug |
| Genetic engineering | the science of changing the genetic makeup of an organism |
| Irradiation | a commercial food preservation method that exposes food to gamma rays to increase shelf life and kill harmful microorganisms |
| MyPyramid | USDA's guide for a personalized approach to healthy eating and physical activity; found at www.mypyramid.gov |
| Aerobic activity | physical activity that requires oxygen as it works the heart and lungs |
| Anabolic steroid | an artificial hormone used to build a more muscular body |
| Anaerobic activity | an activity in which the muscles are using oxygen faster than the heart and lungs can deliver it |
| Balance | being able to control the muscles and stay upright as one moves his body (see also Coordination) |
| Body composition | the percentage of different types of tissues in the body, such as fat, muscle, and bone |
| Carbohydrate loading | a technique used by endurance athletes to trick the muscles into storing glycogen for extra energy |
| Cardio respiratory endurance | how well the heart and lungs can keep up with physical activity |
| Coordination | being able to control the muscles and stay upright as one moves his body |
| Electrolytes | sodium, chloride, and potassium working together to maintain the body's fluid balance |
| Endurance | the ability to keep working the muscles without becoming overly tired |
| Energy balance | the point at which the energy from the food eaten equals the energy used by the body |
| Fad diets | weight loss plans that are popular for a short time and are often based on misinformation, unusual requirements, and promises of immediate weight loss |
| Minerals | nutrients that regulate the body processes or become a part of body tissues |
| Intensity | the speed and power of movement during physical activities |
| Physical activity | the use of muscles to move the body |
| Physical fitness | a state in which all body systems function together efficiently |
| Sedentary | physically inactive |
| Strength | power to work the muscles against resistance |
| Target heart rate | the range of heartbeats per minute at which the heart muscle receives the best workout; 60 to 90 percent of maximum heart rate |
| Flexibility | the ability to move muscles and joints through a full range of motion |
| Vegetarianism | practice of eating a diet consisting entirely or largely of food from plant sources |
| Vitamins | nutrients that don't provide energy or build body tissue, but help regulate these and other body processes |
| Sugars | a collective term used to refer to all the monosaccharides and disaccharides |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | a calculation of body weight and height used to define underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity |
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