Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
Order by
35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 root system | All of a plant's roots, which anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food |
| mycorrhizae | A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus |
| shoot system | The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and (in angiosperms) flowers |
| stem | A vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and internodes that support the leaves reproductive structures |
| apical (terminal) bud | A bud at the tip of a plant stem |
| apical dominance | The concentration of growth at the tip of a plant shoot where a terminal bud partially inhibits axillary bud growth |
| Axillary bud | A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch. |
| Leaves | The main photosynthetic organs of most plants |
| dermal tissue | A single layer of closely packed cells that cover the entire plant and protect it against water loss and invasion by pathogens |
| cuticle | A waxy covering on the surface of the stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents water loss in terrestrial plants |
| vascular tissue | Tissue that is continuous through the plant and transports materials between the roots and shoots made up of xylem and phloem |
| Xylem | Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals up from the roots |
| Phloem | Vascular tissue that transports food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant |
| ground tissue | Plant tissues that are neither vascular nor dermal, fulfilling a variety of functions, such as storage, photosynthesis and support |
| Parenchyma cells | The most abundant cell type and are present throughout the plant, they perform most of the metabolism in the plant |
| Collenchyma cells | A cell type that is grouped in cylinders and helps support growing parts of the plant |
| Sclerenchyma cells | A cell type that exists in parts of the cell that are no longer growing. They have tough cell walls specialized for support |
| Tracheids | Long, thin cells with thick secondary cell walls strengthened with lignin. Water moves from cell to cell mainly through the pits, where the water does not have to cross the secondary cell walls |
| Vessels | Found primarily in angiosperms, they have both pits and perforated end walls for water movement |
| Sieve-tube element | A living cell that conducts sugars and other organic nutrients in the phloem of angiosperms |
| Companion cells | A cell type that provides for the molecular needs of the sieve-tube elements |
| Meristem | A perpetually embryonic tissue that is responsible for indeterminate growth |
| apical meristem | Located at the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots. These are the sites of cell division, allowing the plant to grow in length |
| lateral meristem | These results in growth which thickens the shoots and roots |
| root cap | A cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical meristem |
| zone of cell division | A zone that includes root apical meristem and its derivatives. New root cells are produced in this region, including the cells of the root cap |
| zone of elongation | Above the zone of cell division, this zone elongates cells significantly |
| zone of maturation | In this zone, the three systems in primary growth complete their differentiation and become functionally mature |
| stoma | A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the plant interior |
| vascular cambium | A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that adds layers of secondary vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem |
| bark | All the tissues outside the vascular cambium |
| morphogenesis | The development of body form and organization |
| pattern formation | The development of specific structures in specific locations |
| positional information | Molecular cues that control pattern formation in an animal or plant embryonic structure by indicating a cell's location relative to the organism's body axes. These cues elicit a response by genes that regulate development |
| polarity | The condition of having structural differences at the opposite ends of an organism |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.