po300 final
Order by
59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 house, state, local, one, plurality, majority single member district | the most common electoral system in the us- used to elect _________ members and many _________ and _________ officials . each district votes on ______ person to represent them in a legistlative body . in our system you have to win by ________ which is not necessairly a _______. WHAT TERM |
| secret, candidates, split, AUSTRALIAN BALLOT | the system of _________ voting. the ballots distributed by the government bear the names of all of the _________ and text of the their positions. people can ________ their ballot, WHAT TERM |
| more money, name recognition, franking privileges, media attention | what are the five things under incumbency advantage |
| strategic retirement | incumbents retire if they percieve they will have a tough reelection campaign WHAT TERM |
| gerrymandering | appointment of voters in districts to give unfair advantage to one political party WHAT ERM |
| every 10 years | how often are district lines re drawn to avoid gerrymandering? |
| cracking, packing | the two main strategies used in gerrymandering are _______ and _________ |
| partisan, thin, CRACKING | dividing up a __________ district to weaken the strength of the party- spread their votes _________ so as to always to make them the minority TERM |
| single, other, wasted, packing | including all partisans in a _______ district to keep them out of _______ districts- have _______ votes in one district so party with less support has a better chance in other districts. WHAT TERM |
| dominant, waste, partisan gerrymandering | the _________ party in a state draws the district lines in a effort o get the other major party to _______ votes and thus not be able to elect their candidate TERM |
| wasted | votes that do not contribute to the election of a candidate are called ______ votes |
| gaining way more money off the bat (in the early months), already having a campaign organization set up | what are two incumbent scare off activities? |
| sophomore surge | increase in votes for a candidate running for their first reelection compared to their votes in the initial election WHAT TERM |
| increase in votes for a candidate running for their first reelection compared to their votes in the initial election | define sophomore surge |
| retirement slump | the average drop in the party's vote from the previous election --when the incumbent departs and the seat opens WHAT TERM |
| drop, previous, incumbent, retirement slump | the average _______ in the party's vote from the _______ election --when the ______ departs and the seat opens WHAT TERM |
| drop, party's, previous, incumbent, seat, retirement slump | the average ______ in the party's vote from the ______ election --when the _______ departs and the ______ opens WHAT TERM |
| one man one vote | which term refers to the reform of malapportionment? |
| one man one vote | as the population shifts, cities rise, representation becomes unequal -- we do not want this we want WHAT |
| colegrove v green 1946 | which court case said that federal courts should not hear legislative reapportionment disputes |
| political thicket | the court decided with colegrove v green that hearing legislative reapportionment disputes created a ________ |
| 1946 | what year was colegrove v green |
| baker v carr (1962) | which court case overturned colegrove v green |
| baker v carr (1962) | under which case did the supreme court establish strict equality of state legislative and us house district population creating equal representations among districts |
| state legislative, us house district, representation | under baker v carr 1962- the supreme court establishes a strict equality of ________ and ______________ population creating equal ___________ among districts |
| 1962 | what year was baker v carr |
| baker v carr (1962) | which supreme court case overturned colegrove v green |
| midterm loss | president's party looses seats in the midterm election |
| president's party looses seats in the midterm election | define midterm loss |
| decline | at the midterm elections seats are lost without the pull of the president TERM? |
| presidential coattails | successful candidates at the top of the ticekt pulls their party's candidate |
| vanishing marginals | incumbents are winning by more and more of an advantage. winning by a small margin of victory is vanishing WHAT TERM |
| high quality, party, randomly, national, advantageous, superior, against, strategic politicians | more ________ candidates run when the prospects appear to favor their _______. strong challengers do not emerge randomly: their emergence varies with the prospect of victory (Specifically _________ conditions). a party will benefit more from advantageous national conditions the better its challengers. likewise, _________ challengers will be more successful when national issue can be turned ______ the incumbent. WHAT TERM |
| expansionist, public, trust, contact, home style | during the ________ phase politicians are eager to expand their political reach, improve their ______ image and ______.t he process will require the politician to remain in close _______ with their constituents. during this phase a ________ must be developed early if the politician wishes to succeed |
| constituency feedback | ____________ is necessary in the development of an individuals home style because it builds trust and confidence |
| protectionist, expansionist | in the ________ phase, politicians will rely on their work in the _______ phase to beat challengers to their positions |
| apporitonment | a proportional distribution or assignment of us reps among the states or state legislatures among the counties based on population of each state WHAT TERM |
| proportional us reps, state legislature, population | apportionment: a __________ distribution or assignment of _________ among the states or _________ among the counties based on _______ of each state WHAT TERM |
| surge | during a presidential year the president's partys candidates pick up seats |
| institutional characteristics of congress, changes in voting behavior, constituency service | what are the three main headers of the source of incumbency advantage |
| decentralization of congress (committees, members can specialize), pork barrel legislation, member perks, franking privileges | under SOURCE OF INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE : characteristics of congress: 4 things (P-D-M-F) (PLEASE DONT MAKE FRIENDS) |
| salary, travel, office, staff, communications allowance | under SOURCE OF INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE : characteristics of congress: what are five examples of member perks? |
| communication, opinions, themselves | under SOURCE OF INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE: changes in voting behavior : ___________ technology improves, members know constituents _________, incumbents are doing a better job of representing _________ to the voters |
| service, non partisan vote | under SOURCE OF INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE: - Constituency service- if you're having a problem getting something done you have to contact your representive o Size of federal government has expanded since WWII; more bureaucracy o Congress helps constituents get ________ o ___________; most likely to help; creates a personal vote: because the incumbent through the services, you wouoldnt say the democrats helped you would say that specific helped me |
| geography, population, income, communications, ethnicity, incumbents, age, political habits | GAPPICIE what are the eight areas under social and political context of congressional districts |
| geography, age, population, political habits, incumbents, communications, income, ethnicity | under social and political context of congressional districts- GAPPICIE |
| redistricting, scandal, bad national conditions | under social and political context of congressional districts- GAPPICIE: I- INCUMBENCY (3 reasons to leave) |
| how did they vote in the past | under social and political context of congressional districts- GAPPICIE- P-POLITICAL HABITS |
| dominant industry in the district | under social and political context of congressional districts- GAPPICIE- E- ECONOMIC BASE- what is the most important thing to determine |
| surge and decline, president coattails, retrospective voting, stronger partisan turn out | what are the 4 aspects that explain midterm election loss for the president's party |
| candidates can self select and stand alone, joe lieberman | why are congressional races candidate centered? ex? |
| single member district | WHY CONGRESSIONAL RACES ARE CANDIDATE CENTERED- because we are a ____________ the candidates are running for one district , they do not have to work with the candidates in the other districts- so can be more candidate centered |
| bicameralism, federalism | our government is made up of what two things |
| 1913 | since what year is there direct election for senators |
| mutli member district | england has what type of district |
| conservative, labor, liberal democrat | what are the three main british political parties |
| 4 weeks | how long do the british have to campaign |
| 5 years | in england -when are elections held?-- every _________ but the _______ can call for elections at any time |
| corruption | england's multi party system leads to ______ to obtain more seats in parliament |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.