Biology Chapter 34
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Created by:
kirstencoale on May 9, 2010
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 artery | elastic, thick-walled blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. elastic & durable. capable of withstanding high pressures exerted by blood as it is pumped by the heart. |
| vein | blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to heart |
| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels where the exchange of important substances and waste occurs. only one cell thick. |
| heart | a muscular organ that is about as large as your fist and is located in the center of your chest |
| pacemaker | a group of cells found in the right atrium (sinoatrial node) that send signals that tell the heart muscle to contract |
| plasma | clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood. carries the breakdown products of digested food like glucose and fats. transports vitamins, minerals, and chemical messages (hormones) that signal body activities. carries waste products and some CO2. |
| red blood cells | hemoglobin-containing, disc-shaped, short-lived blood cell that lacks a nucleus and transports oxygen to all body cells. develop in marrow. |
| platelets | flat cell fragment that functions in blood clotting. produce fibrin. |
| white blood cells | large, have nuclei, disease-fighting blood cell produced in the bone marrow, but move to other sites in body to mature, fewer of these buggers. |
| atherosclerosis | circulatory system disorder in which arteries are blocked, restricting blood flow. can lead to heart attack or stroke. |
| breathing | the mechanical movement of air into and out of your lungs |
| external respiration | the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood, which occurs in the lungs |
| internal respiration | the exchange of gases between the blood and the body's cells |
| trachea | tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi |
| bronchus | one of the two large tubes that carries air to the lungs |
| lung | largest respiratory system organ in which gas exchange takes place |
| alveolus | in the lung, a thin-walled air sac surrounded by capillaries |
| kidney | bean-shaped organs that filter out wastes, water, and salts from the blood |
| urea | nitrogenous waste product of the excretory system |
| circulatory system | the body's transport system. transports blood to deliver important substances to cells and to remove wastes. consists of: blood, heart, blood vessels, & lymphatic system. distributes blood. |
| blood vessels | vast network of tubes in yo bod-ee |
| pulse | the alternating expansion and relaxion of the artery wall caused by contraction of the left ventricle |
| blood pressure | measure of how much pressure is exerted against the vessel walls by the blood. readings can provide info about the condition of arteries. |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing protein. chemically binds with oxygen molecules and carries oxygen to body's cells. |
| fibrin | platelets produce this. a protein a.k.a clotting factor that weaves a network of fibers across the cu that traps blood platelets and red blood cells. |
| marker molecule | attached to red blood cells and determine blood type |
| Rh factor | marker found of the surface of red blood cells. one of its markers can cause clumping of red blood cells. |
| contracts | During inhalation, the diaphragm _________ so chest cavity expands and diaphragm moves down allowing air into lungs |
| relaxes | During exhalation, the diaphragm __________ and returns to normal resting position |
| alveoli | in the lungs and are sites of gas exchange between the respiratory and circulatory systems |
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