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Due process The concept of fundamental fairness (like letting both sides speak to the judge in court) Magna Carta Provided the people of England with a degree of protection against the unchecked power of the king Bill of rights First ten Amendments of the Constitution Fifth Amendment No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property without due process of law Fourteenth Amendment No state can make or enforce any law which will take away the privileges and immunities of citizens; nor deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor deny any person within its borders the equal protection of its laws Reconstruction Amendment Another name for the 14th amendment Doctrine of Incorporation The courts used the 14th amendment to incorporate many of the other protections afforded by the Bill of Rights so they'll be applicable to the states government Substantive law Actual law. it defines the duties and rights of members of society Procedural law the way that the substantive law is made enforced and administered United States Senate Composed of 100 members, 2 senators are elected from each state for 6-year terms House of Representatives Consists of 435 members, elected every 2 years from the 50 states according to population Hopper Basket located at the side of the clerk's desk in the House Chamber, it's used for congressmen to introduce a bill Sponsor The individual who introduces the bill Veto when a president doesn't enact a bill Pocket Veto if the president fails to sign a bill into law for 10 days Concurrent Resolution An informal pronouncement by congress that does not have the effect of a law and does not require the signature of the President Statute Is the name of federal and state laws Ordinances Is the name of local laws Vehicle Forfeiture initiative A NYC policy that provides for the forfeiture of one's motor vehicle upon arrest by the police for drunk driving Drug Testing The testing of the blood system to determine if one is using or consuming illegal drugs. 40% of the working population is subject to these tests Procedural due process Guarantees that before a person's rights can be determined, he or she must be given a fair hearing. A fair hearing consists of the the three elements, notice of the proceeding, opportunity to be heard, and an impartial tribunal