Bio Exam 2nd Semester
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JohnHiles95 on May 11, 2010
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holy innocents Mr. Latimer Bio Exam
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255 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Decomposers are bacteria that break down the ___________ in dead matter in to simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots. | nutrients |
| Stores fat in the bone___________. | yellow bone marrow |
| Where two or more bones meet___________. | Joint |
| Fluid-filled sac on the outside of a joint ___________. | Bursa |
| Potential bone cell found in cartilage of embryo___________. | Osteoblast |
| Soft tissue that fills center cavities of bones___________. | Marrow |
| Protein in dead epidermal cells that protects underlying cells___________. | Keratin |
| Cell pigment that colors skin and protects it from solar radiation___________. | Melanin |
| Band of tissue connecting bone to bone___________. | Ligament |
| Smaller unit in muscle fiber___________. | Myofibril |
| The functional unit of a myofibril___________. | Sarcomere |
| Type of cell used to brake down worn out bone___________. | Osteoclast |
| A skeletal Muscle is___________. | straided |
| Beneath the scab of a wound,___________ began to multiply to full in the cap. | skin cells |
| ___________ produces red blood cells, some white blood cells, and fragments involved in blood clotting. | Red Bone Marrow |
| The mineral___________, is found in dairy products, it is a critical part of the diet for healthy, strong bones. | Calcium |
| The contraction of ___________ muscle, the muscle of internal organs , is slow and prolonged. | Smooth |
| Bones grow in length at the ___________ of the bone. They grow in Diameter on the ___________ surface of the bone | Ends/ outer |
| Muscle strength depends on the ___________ of the fibers and the number that ___________ at one time. | Thickness/contract |
| When an inadequate supply of oxygen is available to meet a muscle cells oxygen needs ___________ becomes the primary sources of APT. | Lactic acid |
| When the ___________ plates degenerate, you have stopped growing taller. | Growth |
| Marsupials in continents other than australia lost out in competition with ___________. | Placentals |
| Teeth called ___________ are used to puncture and tear the flesh of prey. | Canine |
| ___________ are the teeth used for crushing and grinding food. | Molars |
| The most intelligent mammals are ___________. | Primates |
| Cellulose is important in the diet as a sourced of___________. | fiber |
| The body's preferred energy source is ___________. | carbohydrates |
| What is the abundant substance in the body___________? | Water |
| The Golden age of mammals is the ___________ Era. | Cenozoic |
| Bony fishes belong to the ___________ class. | Osteichthyes |
| Scientists hypothesizes the ___________ evolved from tetrapods. | amphibians |
| Frogs have a ___________ ___________ that picks up vibrations from water or air and transmits them to the inner ear. | Tympanic Membrane |
| Fishes have great flexibility when they swim because they have ___________ vertebrae. | separate |
| By means of its lateral line system, a fish can detected ___________ and ___________ in the water. | Movement / Vibrations |
| Lampreys are parasites that attach themselves to other fishes by sucker like ___________ and they use their ___________ to scrape away the flesh. | Mouths/ teeth |
| A ___________ is any chordate that has a backbone. | vertebrate |
| Most fish are characterized by their, ___________,___________,and ___________. | Scales/ Paired fins/ Gills |
| In most fish, the structures that are most important for obtaining oxygen from water are the ___________. | Gills |
| The firs vertebrates to evolve were ___________. | Fishes |
| Many salamanders that live on land are missing What Structures? ___________ | Lungs |
| Blood flows through the body of a fish in a ___________ closed circulatory system. | Single- circuit |
| The swim bladder is the organ that adjusts the ___________ of many bony fish. | Buoyancy |
| A fish's lateral line system would be most likely to help a fish sense aquatic predators that approach it from ___________. | Behind |
| Lampreys are included in modern day ___________ fish. | Jawless |
| All fish in the class Chondrichthyes are alike in the composition of their ___________. | skeletons |
| What feature distinguishes most fish from most amphibians? | scales |
| Lobed- finned fish, like the coelacanth probably resembled the first ___________. | amphibians. |
| At the end of ___________ Period, fossil evidence indicates that most amphibian species became extinct. | Cambrain |
| The eggs of amphibians can dry out easily because they do not have ___________. | shells |
| Name 3 ways snakes subdue their pray. 1.___________ 2. ___________ 3.___________ | Constriction/ Injecting Venom / grabbing and swallowing whole |
| Alligators and crocodiles use their ___________ to swim rapidly. | Tails |
| Turtles have a shell to use for ___________. | Protection |
| The pit-like sense organ that picks up airborne chemical in the roof of a snakes mouth is called the ___________. | Jacobson's organ |
| Rattlesnakes can detect heat by means of ___________, in the head. | heat- sensitive pits |
| A constrictor snake kills by _________________________________. | constricting its prey |
| What structures do birds have that they share with no other animal? | Feathers |
| Contrast the skin of crocodiles and salamanders. | Crocodiles are dry and scaly , and Salamanders are moist and smooth. |
| What beak is able to scoop things? | A seagulls |
| What birds beak is used to drill into trees and get insects ? | Wood pecker |
| What kind of bird would use its beak to tear meat. | an eagles beak |
| what birds beak is most similar to that of a theropod dinosaur? | Eagle |
| One reason for the early success of reptiles was that the reptiles could reproduce ________________________________. | away from water. |
| List 3 adaptations that enabled reptiles to live out of water. 1___________ 2. ___________ 3.___________ | lungs/ having scaly skin/ laying eggs that have protective membranes |
| Most reptiles exchange gasses through their ___________. | Lungs |
| The difference between reptilian eggs and amphibian eggs is that reptilian eggs are surrounded by a ___________ and___________. | Protective shell / membranes |
| Alligators have a ___________ heart. | Four-chambered |
| Birds' feet are covered with scaly skin. This observation supports the statement that birds are ___________ like animals. | Reptile |
| The structure of a bird's ___________ ensures that oxygen rich blood never mixes with oxygen-poor blood. | Heart |
| A cow is a vertebrate that has a heart with ___________ chambers. | Four |
| A bird of prey will usaly have a ___________-- bill and ___________ talons. | hooked/ sharp |
| List three characteristics of all birds. 1___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ | 1. an outer covering of feather 2. maintain a constant internal body temperature 3. have two legs |
| Oxygen-rich and oxygen- poor blood undergo the least mixing in the heart of an (Which order of Reptile?) ___________ | Crocodile |
| In a Reptile's egg, ___________ is performed by the chorion. | gas- exchange |
| Give an example of a Monotreme. | Platypus |
| Most marsupials are found in what continent? | Australia |
| The ___________ in the mammalian brain increase the surface area. | folds |
| A hose's jaw may have small incisors and canines but wide ___________ and ___________. | 1 premolars 2. molars |
| The main advantage of hair is that it conserves ___________. | body heat |
| rodent-like; includes rabbits and hares: ___________ | Lagomorpha |
| Only mammals that can fly:___________ | Chirtoptera |
| Includes both aquatic and terrestrial flesh eaters:___________ | Carnivora |
| even-toed ungulates :___________ | Aritodactyla |
| Acient order; many live underground:___________ | Insectivora |
| Head lacks external ears : ___________ | Monotremes |
| Young my develop in a pouch :___________ | Marsupials |
| Adults are toothless:___________ | Monotremes |
| Young remain in uterus until well developed :___________ | Placentals |
| Embryos have a tiny yolk sac:___________ | Monotremes |
| Eggs are laid and incubated: ___________ | Monotremes |
| young may be born a short time after fertilization:___________ | Marsupials |
| Umbilical chord presents :___________ | Placentals |
| A(n) ___________ is the sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that is used to expand and contract the chest cavity of mammals. | Diaphragm |
| The ___________ passes O₂ or food to, and removes wastes from, the developing embryo. | Placenta |
| Female mammals have ___________ that secrete milk, enabling them to nourish the young are mature enough to find food. | Mammary glands |
| The time during young___________ mammals develop inside the uterus is called the ___________. | 1 placental 2. gestation period |
| The uterus is a hollow ___________ organ in female mammals in which the development of offspring takes place. | Muscular |
| A gland is a cell or group of cells that secretes fluids needded by mammals for ___________ regulation and other life processes. | temperature |
| Insight learning is also know as ___________ and ___________ learning. | 1. trial 2. error |
| A male sea lion displays ___________ behavior when he patrols the area of beach where his female sea lions rest. | territtorial |
| Ivan Pavlov was credited with being the first biologist who demonstrated ___________ in dogs. | conditioning |
| Owls sleep during the day and are awake at night because they have no more ___________. | Rods |
| For trial-and-error learning to take place , an animal receives a ___________ for a particular response. | Reward |
| An example of ___________ would be when young ducklings follow their mother. | Imprinting |
| Give three examples of how animal communication can occur. 1.___________ 2.___________ 3.___________ | 1. Sounds 2. Smells 3. Touches |
| A famous pianist can play a melody after only hearing some one hum a few bars. This type of behavior is called ___________. | Insight |
| The ability of salmon to recognize their home stream at spawning time is an example of ___________. | imprinting |
| Sleep cycles are called ______________________. | Circadian rhythm |
| ___________ is a behavior that is usually influenced by changing seasons. | Migration |
| Hunting in a pack is a type of social behavior. List two more examples of social behavior that we have studied. 1.___________ 2. ___________ | 1. Courtship 2. Communication |
| The resources in a ___________ can include food, nesting sites, and potential mates. | territory |
| The ___________ of a society exhibit a type of social behavior. | members |
| Give a brief description of each term listed. trial and error:______________________ | trying one solution and then another |
| Give a brief description of each term listed. Motivation:______________________ | internal need that causes an animal to act |
| Give a brief description of each term listed. Insight: ______________________ | most complex learning |
| Give a brief description of each term listed. Communication:______________________ | exchange of information that causes behavior change |
| Give a brief description of each term listed. Language:______________________ | use of symbols to represent ideas |
| Give a brief description of each term listed. pheromone:______________________ | chemical means of communication |
| Give a brief description of each term listed. Habituation:______________________ | Simplest type of learned behavior which occurs when the same stimulus dose not produce punishment or reward. |
| The ___________ is the type of muscle which makes up the heart. | Cardiac |
| An involuntary muscle ___________ under unconscious control. | contracts |
| The smooth muscle is found in ___________ organs. | Internal |
| The first reaction of the body to a cut is to restore these blood vessels ______________________. | continuity of the capillaries. |
| Third-degree burns involve the death of ___________ and ___________ cell/ layers. | 1. epidermal 2. dermal |
| By age 20, a persons ___________ stop growing because hormones cause the growth centers at the ends of ___________ to degenerate. | 1. bones 2. bones |
| The skin regulates the temperature of the body on a hot day by dilating ___________. | Blood vessels |
| The ___________ is the type of connective tissue that keeps bones from rubbing together. | Cartilage. |
| What is the joint found in the skull region? | Suture |
| Potassium(k) surrounds and protects ___________. | Bones |
| Myofibril is the smaller fiber in a ___________ fiber. | Muscle |
| The process of bones maturing is called ___________. | Ossification |
| Myosin is the major ___________ making up the thin filaments of ___________. | 1. protein 2. sarcomere |
| What is the type of joint that allows the widest range of movement? | Ball and Socket |
| ___________ or ___________protects the spinal chord. | 1. Back bone 2. Vertebrae |
| The process that uses oxygen to breakdown glucose into ATPs is ___________ respiration. | Cellular |
| The smallest filtering unit of the kidney is the ___________. | Nephron |
| The type of blood that can be given to anyone is ___________. | O- |
| Microscopic blood vessels are called ___________. | Capillaries |
| ___________ are produced by the blood to attack antigens. | Antibodies |
| If your lungs could be laid out to show surface area, it would be the size of a ___________. | Tennis court |
| Plasma makes up about ___________% of your blood. | 55% |
| Name 3 out of 5 things carried by the plasma. 1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ | 1. Red blood cells 2. white blood cells 3. platelets 4. hormones 5. enzymes |
| True or false : Your heart can not replace lost cells | True |
| Osteocytes lay down layers of ___________ that become hard when calcium and mineral salts are added. | collagen |
| What is the joint found in the ankle region? | Gliding |
| Bones are nourished by the ___________ system. | Osteon |
| Actin and myosin join to form this type of muscle fiber: | myofibril |
| Actin is the major protein making up the thin filaments of ___________. | Sacomere |
| the neck is a ___________ joint. | pivot |
| In a sacomere, which fibers slide when an electrical impulse stimulates them? | Actin |
| List the 3 parts of the axial skeleton. 1.___________ 2. ___________ 3.___________ | 1. Skull 2. Ribs 3. backbone |
| What 3 things are produced in red bone marrow?1.___________ 2. ___________ 3.___________ | 1. Red blood cells 2. White blood cells 3. Platelets |
| Lifting heavy weights causes this muscle fiver to get thicker : ___________ | myosin |
| The outer covering of the heart with nerves and blood vessels is called the ___________ . | Pericardium |
| Haversian canals run through ___________ bone to nourish the osteocyte. | compact |
| The elbow is a ___________ joint. | Hinge |
| What is the most abundant substance in the body? | Water |
| The surface arterioles ___________ in cold weather. | Constrict |
| Name two vitamins that can be made in the large intestine. ___________ & ___________ | 1. K 2. B |
| When you wave goodbye you use a ___________ joint. | Gliding |
| Which type of muscle needs the most mitochondria? ___________ & ___________ | 1. Cardiac 2. heart |
| Where dose blood travel from the aorta?___________ | Arteries |
| When your diaphragm contracts your chest cavity becomes ___________. | Expanded |
| What is considered to be "normal" blood pressure? ___________ | 120/80 |
| List 2 things that the kidney dose. 1. ___________ 2. ___________ | 1. Regulates nitroenous waste 2. Regulates sodium osmotic pressure |
| The ___________ is the tube leading from the kidney to the bladder. | Ureter |
| Where in the heart is the pacemaker found?___________ | Right atrium |
| What two types of blood cells lack a nucleus? 1. ___________ 2. ___________ | 1. Platelets 2. Red Blood Cells |
| What 3 systems are involved in breathing? 1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ | 1. Muscular 2. Respiratory 3. nervous |
| What helps veins get blood back to the heart? ___________ | valves |
| What causes anti bodies to form? ___________ | Antigens |
| How many bones are in your body? ___________ | 206 |
| The largest veins in your body are called? ___________ | Vena cavae |
| What is the red iron pigment that allows RBCs to carry O₂ | Hemoglobin |
| Systolic blood pressure occurs when ___________ contract. | ventricles |
| A ___________ is any drug that inhibits transmission of sensory impulses at a synapse. | Depressant |
| A stimulant is any drug that speeds up the activities of the ______________________. | Central Nervous System |
| Which part of the brain controls concious actvities , memory, language, and the senses? | cerebrum |
| The ___________ is the area of the brain that controls involuntary activities, such as breathing and heart rate. | Medulla Oblongata |
| Cocaine is a stimulant because it causes levels of ___________ in the brain to increase. | neurotransmitters |
| A person who is addicted to a drug is experiencing ___________ when he or she becomes ill after stopping its use. | withdrawel |
| You can see the colors in a picture because you are aided by the ___________ of the retina. | Cones |
| A nerve impulse travels from one cell to another by passing from an ___________ to another dendrite. | Axon |
| Alcohol may act on the CNS by blocking the movement of ___________ and ___________ ions across the cell membrane. | 1. Sodium 2. Calcium |
| Alteration of pain or mood is an activity of drugs in the ___________ system. | nervous |
| Sensory neurons can carry impulses from outside and inside the body to the ___________ and ___________. | 1. Brain 2. Spinal chord |
| Medicine that relives pain and causes sleep ___________. | Narchodic |
| Any drug that slows down the activities of the Central Nervous System___________. | Depressant |
| Psychological and physical dependence on drugs___________. | Addiction |
| Automatic response to a stimuli___________. | Reflex |
| Single extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body ___________. | Axon |
| Occurs when a person needs larger and/ or more frequent doses of a drug to achieve the same effect ___________. | tolerance |
| Layer of nerve tissue made up of sensory neurons that respond to light___________. | Retina |
| Light receptors adapted for vision in dim light___________. | Rods |
| Structure in the inner ear that helps maintain balance ___________ | Semicircular canals |
| Controls involuntary activities such as breathing and heart rate ___________. | Medulla Oblongata |
| Tiny space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron over which nerve impulses must travel ___________. | Synapse |
| Fluid filled , snail-shaped structure in the inner ear___________. | Cochlea |
| Drug that affects the Central Nervous System, alerting moods, thoughts, and sensory perceptions ___________. | Hallucinogen |
| Chemicals that diffuse across the synapse and simulate polarity changes in a neuron ___________. | Neurotransmittters |
| The shape of the diaphragm when it is in the exhaling position is a ___________ shape. | Dome |
| Name 3 processes of breathing. 1.___________ 2.___________ 3.___________ | 1. Warm air 2. Remove Dirt 3. Releases oxygen |
| Gas exchange in cells is associated with cellular ___________ | Respiration |
| The process that uses ___________ to break down glucose, producing energy , takes place with cells. | Ixygen |
| Write a brief statement describing items Trachea-_________________________________ | opening from lrynx to bronchi |
| Write a brief statement describing items alveoli-_________________________________ | air sac where oxygen and CO₂ are exchanged |
| Write a brief statement describing items Hemoglobin-_________________________________ | Iron pigment in red blood cells that allows them to carry oxygen and CO² |
| Write a brief statement describing items Antigen-_________________________________ | Any foreign substance that causes antibodies to form |
| Write a brief statement describing items Artery-_________________________________ | thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Write a brief statement describing items Atrium-_________________________________ | top chamber of the heart |
| Write a brief statement describing items Urine-_________________________________ | waste product produced by kidneys |
| Write a brief statement describing items Nephron-_________________________________ | the smallest filtering unit of the kidney |
| What order of mammals is capable of cognitive learning?___________ | Primates. |
| What special adaptation do birds have in their lungs? | air sacs |
| in 2010, what is the leading cause of death in the U.S? | Heart disease |
| What is the living bone cell called that is produced by an osteoblast? | Osteocytes |
| The bone "recycling" cells which break down old and worn out bones are called ___________. | Osteoclasts |
| The formation of new bone cells by osteoblasts is called ___________. | Ossification |
| Marsupials originated in ___________ America. | North |
| The nourishment of the young inside the ___________ occurs through the placenta. | uterus |
| Mammal's reproductive cycle is __1_________ fertilization as opposed to amphibians ______2_____ fertilization. | 1. Internal 2. External |
| The largest fish is the ___________. | Whale shark |
| All bats have ___________. | Full vision |
| The ___________. of the paleozoic era is called the period of fish. | Devonian peroid |
| The longest snakes in the world are the ___________. | Reticulated Pythons |
| The ___________ is the largest organ in the body. | Skin |
| the ___________ has the third eye for sensing light. | Tuatara |
| The universal blood donor is ___________. | O negative |
| The universal receptor is ___________. | AB positive. |
| The large intestine can make both vitiman ___1__ & vitiman ____2___. | 1. K 2. B |
| The pigment that gives blood the color red is ___________. | Hemoglobin |
| Marsupials originated in ___________. | North America |
| Some ___________ have poison glands behind the head. | toads |
| The ___________ in birds crushes food. | gizzard |
| The oldest known bird is the ___________. | Archaeopteryx |
| The first reaction of the body to a cut is to restore ___________. | capillaries |
| Birds do not require ___________. | breeding colonies |
| During digestion proteins are broken down into___________. | acids |
| The ___________ is part of the digestive tract. | small intestine |
| Light first enters the eye through the ___________. | cornea |
| the pathway of oxygen in a bird's lungs is___________,_____________,_________,_____________,_________. | 1. trachea 2. posterior 3 air sacs,4 lungs, 5anterior air sacs |
| ___________ is the word that describes the evolutionary history of species. | Phylogeny |
| The mechanical act of taking air into the lungs is ___________. | Inhalation |
| the kidneys filter ___________ liters of blood each day. | 180 |
| there have been ___________ mass extinctions. | 5 |
| the kidneys excrete ___________ to maintain homeostasis. | ammonia |
| A blocked urethra would cause the ___________ to enlarge . | bladder |
| all bacteria have a ___________. | Cell wall |
| mammals first appeared ___________ million years ago. | 220 |
| Most salamanders do not have ___________. | lungs |
| Bony fishes have a ___________ to adjust buoyancy. | swim bladder |
| The first amphibians probably resembled modern day ___________. | coelacanths |
| The ability of salmon to recognize their home stream at spawning time is ___________. | imprinting |
| Migration is triggered by ___________ changes. | seasonal changes |
| Polar bears live at the ___________Pole. | North |
| ___________ can live in fresh and salt water. | Bull Sharks |
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