| Term | Definition |
|---|
| communism | violent overthrow; control of everything |
| Marxism-Leninism | another name for communism |
| Karl Marx | viewed history as "class struggle" -haves and have nots |
| bourgeoisie | haves-wealthy capitalists |
| proletariat | have nots-working class |
| Opiate of the people | Marx called relgion this |
| Friedrich Engels | close friend and associate of Marx |
| 1848 | Communist Manifesto written |
| Das Kapital | theoretical foundation for communist ideology (by Marx) |
| Kiev | capital of Ukraine-Slavs settled there |
| Rus | Viking tribe that invaded Kiev |
| 988 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity |
| Vladimir the Saint | began Russian Orthodox Church-988 |
| Ivan III | Ivan the Great, prince of Moscow |
| Ivan IV | Ivan the terrible, first Czar |
| Ivan IV | created new class of people-serfs |
| Michael Romanov | became czar after Ivan IV |
| Peter the Great | built the city of St. Petersburg |
| St. Petersburg | "Window to the West" |
| Catherine the Great | embraced western ideas, "enlightened despot" |
| Alexander I | led Russia in a long vicious struggle with Napoleon |
| Nicholas I | led during Decembrist Revolt |
| Crimean War | failure for Russia |
| Alexander II | "Czar Liberator"-freed Serfs; assassinated by radical revolutionaries |
| Alexander III | made Jews in Russia "scapegoats" for father's assassination |
| Theodor Herzl | supported Zionism |
| Zionism | movement to create a national Jewish homeland in Palestine |
| Pushkin | Russia's most famous poet |
| Tchaikovsky | first internationally recognized Russian composer |
| Nicholas II | believed he had right to rule as he pleased, weak ruler |
| Bloody Sunday | troops fired on crowd, killing several hundred people |
| Duma | elected legislative body with limited powers |
| Provisional Government | to restore law and order, Duma set up |
| Alexander Kerensky | leader of Russias Labor Party |
| First mistake of Provisional Govt. | maintained Russias involvement in WWI |
| Second mistake of Provisional Govt. | exercised no firm authority or central direction that the nation needed |
| Third mistake of Provisional Govt. | freed all political prisonors and allowed exiles to return to Russia |
| Nikolai Lenin | most dangerous Communist revolutionary in Russia |
| Mensheviks | "minority" wanted a broad party membership-socialists and liberal democrats |
| Bolsheviks | "majority" followed Lenin |
| Leon Trotsky | Russian Jew, Lenin's right hand man |
| Red Guards | secret military force of Lenin |
| 1917 | Bolshevik Revolution |
| Cheka | Lenins secret polic organization |
| White Russians | opposed Communism |
| Red Russians | favored Communism |
| Red Army | to combat White Russians, formed by Trotsky |
| Third International | terrorist organization dedicated to inciting Communist revolution and establishing worldwide Communist state |
| Great Purge | reign of terror by Stalin, rooting out anyone who posed slightest threat to his authority |
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