WHI SOL review
About this set
Created by:
mahubba1 on May 12, 2010
Subjects:
Description:
SOL review
Classes:
Shue/Wisda World History 1, Frank W. Cox Mr. Homesly World History 1A, Frank W. Cox Mr. Homesly World History 2B
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200 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Africa | Where humans emerged |
| 100,000-400,000 years ago | How long ago humans emerged |
| Paleolithic Age | Old Stone Age |
| Neolithic Age | New Stone Age |
| Paleolithic Age | simple tools, fire, lived in clans, oral language, cave art |
| farming | the discovery that started the Neolthic Age |
| archaeologists | study past cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, settlements, fossils, and artifacts |
| carbon dating | a test archaeologists use to analyze fossils and artifacts |
| Stonehenge | an archaeological site in England that was begun during the Neolithic Age and completed during the Bronze Age |
| invasion | river valleys provided protection from this |
| Mesopotamia | Tigris and Euphrates River |
| Egypt | Nile River |
| China | Huang He |
| India | Indus River |
| Hebrews | these people settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River |
| Phoenicians | these people settled along the Mediterranean coast |
| pharaohs | Egyptian rulers |
| Ten Commandments | law code of the Hebrews |
| Code of Hammurabi | first written law code- "eye for an eye" |
| polytheism | belief in multiple gods |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| Judaism | first monotheistic religion |
| Abraham | founder of Judaism |
| Moses | led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt; received 10 Commandments |
| Torah | sacred text of Judaism |
| diaspora | the scattering of the Jewish people |
| hieroglyphics | writing of the Egyptians |
| cuneiform | writing of the Sumerians |
| alphabet | writing of the Phoenicians |
| Zoroastrianism | religion of the Persians |
| Persia | largest empire in the world until Alexander conquers it |
| Persia | Empire that tolerated conquered people, had a bureaucracy, had a road system, practiced Zoroastrianism |
| Khyber Pass (in Hindu Kush mountains) | How invaders got through the mountains into India |
| Indus and Ganges | important rivers to Indian civilization |
| Gupta empire | Golden Age of India |
| zero, decimal, algebra | mathematical advancements of Gupta Empire |
| caste system | Rigid caste system (hereditary), which influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations |
| Aryans | group who brought caste system (and Hinduism) into India |
| reincarnation | Cycles of rebirth |
| karma | Future reincarnation based on present (what goes around comes around) |
| Vedas and Upanishads | Sacred writings of Hinduism |
| occupation | what the caste system is based on |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism |
| Four Noble Truths/ Eightfold Path | beliefs of Buddhism |
| Asoka and his missionaries | spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia. |
| Great Wall of China | built to protect China |
| Qin Shi Huangdi | had Great Wall built |
| dynasties | ruling families that governed China |
| Mandate of Heaven | Chinese rulers served under this, but only as long as their rule was just. |
| Silk Roads | facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome. |
| contributions of China | civil service system, paper, porcelain, silk |
| Confucianism | Respect for elders, Code of politeness which is still used in Chinese society today |
| Taoism | Humility, Simple life and inner peace, Harmony with nature |
| Yin/Yang | represent opposites in Taoism/ Confucianism |
| Asia | where Buddhism is predominately today |
| India | where both Hinduism and Buddhism began |
| mountains | caused Greek city states to be separated from each other |
| Aegean Sea | important sea for Greece |
| citizens | free adult males in Greece |
| Monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, democracy | order of Athenian government |
| monarchy | rule by a king or queen |
| aristocracy | rule by the elite (rich) |
| tyrant | someone who takes power by force |
| democracy | rule by the people |
| Athens | the first democracy was here |
| Draco and Solon | Greek tyrants |
| oligarchy | type of government in Sparta |
| Sparta | militaristic city state |
| united Athens and Sparta | significance of Persian War |
| Persian Wars | wars between Greece and Persia |
| Peloponnesian War | war between Athens and Sparta; Sparta wins |
| Delian League | League Athens formed after Persian Wars |
| Peloponnesian League | league Sparta formed after Persian Wars |
| Marathon and Salamis | battles during Persian Wars |
| weakening of Greece | effect of Peloponnesian War |
| Pericles | extended democracy, rebuilt Athens, Athens experienced a "golden age" under his rule |
| Aeschylus, Sophocles | Greeks who wrote dramas |
| Homer | wrote Iliad and Odyssey |
| Herodotus, Thucydides | Greek historians |
| Phidias | sculpted Zeus |
| Archimedes | pi, level, pulley |
| Hippocrates | father of medicine |
| Euclid, Pythagoras | Greek mathematicians |
| Socrates | philosopher who came up with a method of questioning; taught Plato |
| Plato | wrote The Republic; taught Aristotle |
| Aristotle | taught Alexander the Great |
| Alexander the Great | Established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India; defeated Persian Empire |
| Hellenistic Age | Blend of Greek and oriental elements |
| Phillip of Macedonia | Conquered most of Greece |
| Alps | protected Rome in the north |
| Roman gods (mythology) | the planets were named after them |
| patricians | powerful nobility in Rome |
| plebeians | the majority of the people in Rome |
| Twelve Tables | law code of Rome |
| Punic Wars | wars between Rome and Carthage |
| Hannibal | General of Carthage who led war elephants across the Alps |
| Reasons for the fall of Roman Republic | spread of slavery, unemployment, civil war, inflation |
| 1st triumvirate | Caesar, Pompey, Crassus |
| Augustus | 1st Roman Emperor |
| Pax Romana | 200 year period of Roman Peace |
| Marcus Aurelius | Pax Romana ended with his death |
| Julius Caesar | Roman dictator who was assassinated on the Ides of March |
| Paul | helped spread Christianity in Rome |
| Constantine | emperor who made Christianity legal in Rome |
| church | the unifying force in Western Europe |
| Colosseum | where the gladiators fought |
| aqueducts | brought water into Rome |
| Latin | language of the Romans |
| Romance Languages | Latin was the basis for these |
| Virgil | writer of the Aeneid |
| Reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire | geographic size, bad economy, moral decay, invasion, mercenaries in the army |
| Constantine | moved capital of Rome to Byzantium |
| 476 | year Rome ceased to have an emperor |
| Diocletian | divided Rome into two parts |
| Constantinople | capital of the Byzantine empire |
| Justinian | built Hagia Sophia, wrote a law code, reconquered former Roman territories |
| location of Constantinople | distance from Germanic invasions, protection of eastern frontier, crossroads of trade, easily fortified site on a peninsula |
| Greek and Roman | Byzantine empire preserved these traditions |
| icons | holy images |
| schism | split in the church over icons |
| Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church | centered in Constantinople, spoke Greek, in the East |
| Roman Catholic Church | centered in Rome, spoke Latin, in the West |
| mosaics | artwork in Byzantine Empire |
| Pope | leader of the Catholic Church |
| patriarch | leader of the Orthodox Church |
| cryillic alphabet | alphabet adopted in Russia |
| Muhammad | founder of Islam |
| Mecca | holy city of Islam |
| Allah | Arabic word for God |
| Quran (Koran) | sacred text of Islam |
| Five Pillars | faith, prayer, alms, fasting during Ramadan, hajj |
| Arabic | language of Islam |
| Sunnis | majority of Muslims, believe anyone could be leader |
| Shi'ites | minority of Muslims, believe leader had to be descended from Ali |
| Battle of Tours | turning point for Islam- they were defeated by the Franks |
| Dome of the Rock | architectural achievement of Islamic civilization in Jerusalem |
| Roman Catholic Church | unifying force in western Europe after Roman authority declined |
| Charlemagne | Holy Roman Emperor |
| fief | land granted to a vassal |
| serf | peasant bound to the land |
| manorial system | economic system of the Middle Ages- self sufficient |
| Franks | major force in Western Europe, won Battle of Tours |
| Angles and Saxons | settled in England |
| Magyars | settled in Hungary |
| Vikings | moved from Scandinavia to Russia |
| gold and salt | goods traded in West Africa |
| Ghana, Mali, Songhai | civilizations in West Africa |
| Axum | Christian civilization in East Africa |
| spices | traded around Indian Ocean |
| Buddhism | religion that spread from China to Korea and Japan |
| Shinto and Buddhism | religions in Japan |
| archipelago | chain of islands (like Japan) |
| Shinto | ethnic religion unique to Japan, state religion, worshipping the emperor, importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors |
| Zimbabwe | located on Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers in southern Africa |
| Timbuktu | center of trade and learning in Africa |
| animism and Islam | religion of West African civilizations |
| Chichen Itza | representative city of Mayas |
| Mayas | located in Central America and Mexico |
| Yucatan Peninsula | peninsula of Mayas |
| city-states governed by a king | government of Mayas |
| Tenochtitlan | representative city of Aztecs |
| Aztecs | located in Mexico |
| Andes Mountains | where the Incas where located |
| Machu Picchu | representative city of Incas |
| high altitude agriculture (terracing) | Incan economy was based on this |
| road system | achievement of Incas |
| Mayas, Aztecs, Incas | the American civilizations who had pyramids, calendars, and math |
| William the Conqueror | united most of England |
| Battle of Hastings | battle between William and Harold |
| Henry II | started common law |
| King John | forced to sign Magna Carta |
| 100 Years' War | war between England and France |
| Parliament | legislative body in England |
| Hugh Capet | established the French throne in Paris |
| Joan of Arc | woman who helped unify France by fighting in the 100 Years' War |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | unified Spain by their marriage; expelled Jews and Muslims |
| Ivan the Great | threw off the rule of Mongols in Russia |
| tsar/czar | Russian leaders |
| Crusades | wars between Muslims and Christians |
| Ottoman Turks | conquered Byzantine Empire in 1453 |
| Pope Urban | called for the Crusades |
| Saladin | Muslim leader who took Jerusalem during the Crusades |
| effects of Crusades | weakened the Popes and nobles, stimulated trade, left a legacy of bitterness between Christians, Muslims, and Jews, weakened Byzantine Empire |
| Mongols | invaded Russia, China, Muslim states by destroying cities and countryside |
| Black Death | killed much of the population of Asia and Europe in the late Middle Ages |
| Impact of the Black Death | decline in population, scarcity of labor, towns freed from fedual obligations, decline of church influence, disruption of trade |
| Renaissance | "rebirth" that occurred after Middle Ages |
| Italy | where Renaissance began |
| The Prince | a modern treatise on government that supported absolute power of the ruler and advised that one should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary |
| Machiavelli | writer of The Prince |
| Leonardo da Vinci | painted Mona Lisa and Last Supper |
| Michelangelo | painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel and sculpted David |
| Petrarch | humanist who wrote sonnets |
| humanism | celebration of the individual, stimulated study of Greek and Roman literature and culture |
| patrons | supporter of the Arts; Medici family |
| Flanders | where the Northern Renaissance started |
| movable type printing press | invention that helped to spread ideas |
| Gutenberg | invented the printing press |
| Erasmus | wrote The Praise of Folly (mocked the church) |
| Thomas More | wrote Utopia |
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