Biology Chapter 33
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ovary | produces hormones and eggs |
| Follicle | cluster of cells that surround, protect, and nourish a developing egg cell in an ovary |
| Oviduct | tube that conveys egg cells away from the ovary toward the uterus; the usual site of fertilization |
| Uterus | in female mammals, the organ where the young develop before birth |
| Cervix | neck of the uterus, opening into the vagina |
| Vagina | part of the female reproductive system that leads from the uterus to the outside of the body; functions as the birth canal and the passageway for menstrual flow |
| Testis | male reproductive organ that produces sperm and hormones |
| Scrotum | sac that houses the testes outside the abdomen |
| Epididymis | long, thin-coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored |
| Semen | sperm-containing fluid that is released from the penis during ejaculation |
| Vas deferens | tube that conveys sperm between the epididymis and the urethra |
| Penis | male reproductive organ; also contains the urethra and functions in eliminating urine from the body |
| Ovulation | release of a secondary oocyte from an ovarian follicle |
| Ovum | mature egg cell with a haploid nucleus |
| Ovarian cycle | cyclic changes that occur in the ovaries |
| Endometrium | inner lining of the uterus; site of implantation of the embryo |
| Menstrual cycle | cyclic changes that occur in the uterus |
| Menstruation | discharge resulting from shedding of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle |
| Corpus luteum | ovarian structure that forms from a follicle after ovulation; secretes progesterone and estrogen |
| Fertilization | the fusion of the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell and the nucleus of a haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote |
| Zygote | diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell |
| Blastocyst | stage in human embryonic development; fluid-filled ball of cells that implants in the endometriu |
| Cleavage | series of rapid mitotic divisions of a zygote |
| Trophoblast | outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation |
| Embryo | stage in human development from the first division of the zygote until about nine weeks after fertilization |
| Gastrulation | developmental process in which three distinct cell layers form in an embryo: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm |
| Implantation | imbedding of a blastocyst into the endometrium |
| Placenta | organ that develops inside the uterus and enables the transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and developing baby |
| Fetus | stage of human development from nine weeks after fertilization until birth |
| Labor | series of rhythmic contractions of the uterus that expel the baby from the uterus, resulting in birth |
| Oxytocin | hormone secreted by pituitary gland that stimulates contractions of the uterus |
| Puberty | stage of human development when reproductive organs become functional and secondary sex characteristics develop |
| Menopause | point in life when a woman stops ovulating, usually in her 50s |
| Gynecology | medical specialty that focuses on wellness of the female reproductive system |
| Urology | medical specialty that focuses on the wellness of the urinary tract in males and females, and also the male reproductive system |
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