HST Final Exam Review
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Created by:
zzebrastripes on May 13, 2010
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254 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| Abrasion |  an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away; treatment involving scraping or rubbing away skin |
| Abscess | a localized collection of pus within a circumscribed area that is associated with tissue destruction |
| Adhesion | a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally |
| Aesthetics | the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and expression of beauty |
| Afebrile | having no fever |
| Alopecia | the partial or complete loss of hair; AKA baldness |
| Ambulate | to walk from place to place; move about |
| Anabolism | the phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue |
| Analgesic | a drug that relieves pain without affecting consciousness |
| Anastomosis | a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures |
| Aneurysm | a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery |
| Angina | AKA angina pectoris. A sudden intense pain in the chest, often accompanied by feelings of suffocation, caused by momentary lack of adequate blood supply to the heart muscle |
| Ankyloglossia | a congenital anomaly in which the mucous membrane under the tongue is too short limiting the mobility of the tongue |
| Anorexia | the lack or loss of appetite for food |
| Anticoagulant | medication administered to slow blood clotting and to prevent new clots from forming; AKA thrombolytic |
| Antiemetic | medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting |
| Antitussive | alleviating or suppressing coughing |
| Antrum | a natural cavity, hollow, or sinus, esp in a bone |
| Anuria | The absence of urine formation. AKA anuresis |
| Apraxia | loss or impairment of the ability to execute complex coordinated movements without muscular or sensory impairment |
| Articulate | to unite by means of a joint |
| Aspirate | to inhale or draw a foregin substance into the upper respiratory tract |
| Asymptomatic | presenting no symptoms of disease |
| Ataxia | inability to coordinate the muscles in the execution of voluntary movement |
| Atelectasis | a condition in which the lung fails to expand because air cannot pass beyond the bronchiles. AKA collapsed lung |
| Athetosis | a nervous disorder that is marked by continual slow movements especially of the extremities and is usually due to a brain lesion |
| Atrophy | weakness and wasting away |
| Auscultation | listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body to determine the condition of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen |
| Benign | not recurring, nonmalignant, and with a favorable chance for recovery |
| Biopsy | the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis |
| Blepharoptosis | drooping of the upper eyelid |
| Bolus | a rounded mass; a dose of a substance |
| Borborygmus | a rumbling sound made by the movement of gas in the intestine |
| Bruit | an abnormal sound or murmur heard in auscultation |
| Bruxism | involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension in stress |
| Buccal | of, relating to, near, involving, or supplying a cheek |
| Bulla | a large blister that is more than .5 cm in diameter |
| Cannula | a small tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct, or vessel |
| Carbuncle | a cluster of furuncles that result in extensive sloughing of skin and scar formation |
| Carcinogen | a substance or agent causing cancer |
| Catabolism | destructive metabolism involving the release of energy and resulting in the breakdown of complex materials within the organism—compare |
| Caudal | situated in or directed toward the hind part of the body |
| Cauterization | the destruction of tissue by burning for therapeutic purposes |
| Chelitis | inflammation of the lip |
| Choleocystectomy | surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| Choledocholithotomy | an incision in the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones |
| Cicatrix | a "normal" scar resulting from the healing of a wound |
| Circumscribed | contained within a limited area |
| Coma | a profound state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and no vocalization |
| Comedo | a lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair folicle |
| Complication | a secondary disease or condition that develops in the course of a primary disease or condition and arises either as a result of it or from independent causes |
| Concussion | a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain |
| Condyle | an articular prominence of a bone-used chiefly of such as occur in pairs resembling a pair of knuckles |
| Congenital | exists at the time surrounding birth |
| Contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle tissues making the muscle resistant to stretching |
| Contraindicated | to make (a treatment or procedure) inadvisable |
| Contusion | an injury that does not break the skin and is characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain |
| Curettage | a surgical scraping or cleaning by means of a curette |
| Cyanosis | blue discoloration of the skin caused by lack of adequate oxygen |
| Cyst | a closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material |
| Cytology | the study of cells |
| Dangle | ... |
| Debilitated | to impair the strength of |
| Debridement | The removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissues, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing |
| Deciduous teeth | baby teeth |
| Decubitus ulcer | an ulceration of tissue deprived of adequate blood supply by prolonged pressure AKA bedsore |
| Deglutition | the act, power, or process of swallowing |
| Diaphoresis | profuse perspiration artificially induced |
| Diastolic | the lowest arterial blood pressure of a cardiac cycle occurring during diastole of the heart |
| Distended | to enlarge or stretch out |
| Diuretic | medication administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess sodium and water |
| Dyspepsia | an impairment of digestion AKA indigestion |
| Dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| Dysphasia | loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury to or disease of the brain |
| Dystrophy | any various body disorders charcterized by wasting away |
| Eccymosis | a purplish area caused by bleeding within the skin AKA bruise |
| Edema | excess fluid in body tissues causing swelling |
| Edentulous | toothless |
| Effusion | the escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels into the tissues or a cavity |
| Emesis | to expel the contents of the stomach through the esophagus and out of the mouth AKA vomiting |
| Emetic | medication administered to produce vomiting |
| Endemic | ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area |
| Enuresis | the involuntary dishcharge of urine |
| Episiotomy | a surgical incision of the perineum and vagina to faciliatete delivery and prevent laceration of the tissues |
| Epistaxis | bleeding from the nose AKA nosebleed |
| Eructation | the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach |
| Erythema | an redness of the skin such as nervous blushing, an inflammation, or a mild sunburn |
| Etiology | the study of the causes of diseases |
| Eupnea | easy or normal breathing |
| Exacerbation | an increase in the severity of a disease or in any of its signs or symptoms |
| Expectorant | an agent that promotes the discharge or expulsion of mucus from the respiratory tract |
| Extubate | to remove a tube, usually an endotracheal anesthesia tube or a Levin gastric suction tube |
| Febrile | of, relating to, or characterized by fever; feverish |
| Fissure | a groove or cracklike sore of the skin, normal folds in the contours of the brain |
| Fistula | an abnormal passage that leads from an abscess or hollow organ or part to the body surface or from one hollow organ or part to another and that may be surgically created to permit passage of fluids or secretions |
| Flatus | gas generated in or expelled from the digestive tract, especially from the stomach or intestines |
| Fontanelle | a baby's soft spot |
| Foramen | a natural opening or passage, especially one into or through a bone |
| Fossa | a hollow or depressed area |
| Frenulum | a small fold of integument or mucous membrane that limits the movements of an organ or part |
| Fundus | the bottom or base of an organ, or the part of a hollow organ farthest from its mouth |
| Furuncle | large tender, swollen, areas caused by staphylococcal infection around hair follicles AKA boils |
| Gait | a particular way or manner of moving on foot |
| Glioma | a tumor originating in the neuroglia of the brain or spinal cord |
| Gurney | a metal stretcher with wheeled legs, used for transporting patients |
| Gustatory | of or relating to the sense of taste |
| Hematemesis | a vomiting of blood |
| Hematoma | a collection of blood trapped within tissues |
| Hematuria | the presence of blood in the urine |
| Heparin | an acidic glycosaminoglycan found especially in lung and liver tissue and having the ability to prevent the clotting of blood, used in the treatment of thrombosis |
| Hernia | protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it |
| Histology | the anatomical study of the microscopic structure of animal and plant tissues |
| Homeostasis | the ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes |
| Hospice | a program that provides palliative care and attends to the emotional and spiritual needs of terminally ill patients at an inpatient facility or at the patient's home |
| Hyoid | the horseshoe-shaped bone that lies at the base of the tongue and above the thyroid cartilage |
| Hypertrophy | The enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to an increase in size of its constituent cells |
| Iatrogenic | any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician or surgeon, especially to infections acquired by the patient during the course of treatment. |
| Idiopathic | unknown cause |
| Incontinent | unable to control bowels or bladder |
| Infarction | an attack (heart attack) |
| Inguinal | groin |
| Intubate | to put in a tube |
| Irrigate | to cleanse, usually with a water solution |
| Ischemia | A low oxygen state usually due to obstruction of the arterial blood supply or inadequate blood flow leading to hypoxia in the tissue |
| Jaundice | yellowing of the skin |
| Keloid | a abnormal scar |
| Kinesiology | the study of movement |
| Kyphosis | a posterior curvature of the thoracic spine usually the result of a disease |
| Labial | the tooth surface next to your lips or things mounted on the tooth surfaces next to your lips |
| Laparotomy | general term for abdominal surgery |
| Lesion | any pathological or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part |
| Lethargic | abnormal drowsiness or stupor, a condition of indifference |
| Lingual | the tooth surface next to your tongue or things mounted on the tooth surfaces next to your tongue |
| Lithotomy | surgical removal of a stone from the bladder |
| Lithotripsy | a procedure that uses sound waves delivered inside a water bath to pulverize kidney stones painlessly inside the body |
| Localized | in one area |
| Lordosis | accentuation of the lumbar curvature of the spine |
| Lumbago | pain in the lumbar region |
| Malacia | abnormal softening of tissues |
| Malignant | tending to become progressively worse and to result in death |
| Malocclusion | poor positioning or inappropriate contact between the teeth on closure |
| Mandible | lower jaw bone |
| Manifestations | a perceptible, outward, or visible expression of a disease |
| Manubrium | the anterior segment of the sternum |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Meatus | a natural passage or canal |
| Melena | the passage of dark, pitchy and grumous stools stained with blood pigments |
| Meninges | the surrounding membranes the brain and spinal cord |
| Meniscus | an interarticular synovial cartilage or membrane |
| Metabolism | The sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living organised substance is produced and maintained and also the transformation by which energy is made available for the uses of the organism |
| Metastasis | the transfer of disease from one organ or part to another not directly connected with it |
| Narcolepsy | a disorder of sleep associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, involuntary daytime sleep episodes, disturbed nocturnal sleep and cataplexy |
| Neoplasm | new and abnormal growth of tissue, which may be benign or cancerous |
| Nocturia | the excessive urination at night |
| Nosocomial | an infection aquired at the hospital |
| Occluded | a small bone or bony structure |
| Olfactory | pertaining to the sense smell |
| Oliguria | secretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake |
| Oncology | the study of diseases that cause cancer |
| Onychocryptosis | ingrown nail |
| Onychomycosis | a fungal infection that involves the fingernails. Nails generally split, flake and grow too thick |
| Onychophagia | habitual nailbiting |
| Orifice | an opening Ex: mouth |
| Orthopnea | the plight of a person who can only breath easily when sitting straight or standing erect |
| Orthosis | an external orthopaedic appliance, as a brace or splint, that prevents or assists movement of the spine or the limbs |
| Ossicles | a small bone or bony structure |
| Otitis media | infection and inflammation of the middle ear space and ear drum |
| Palliative | care to provide comfort to a dying person |
| Palpation | pressing on the body to feel inside |
| Palpitation | racing heart |
| Pandemic | diesease spread world wide |
| Parietal | pertaining to walls of a cavity |
| Paroxysmal | recurring in spasms or seizures |
| Pathogen | infection and inflammation of the middle ear space and ear drum |
| Pathology | the branch of medicine concerned with disease, especially its structure and its functional effects on the body |
| Pediculosis | lice infestation |
| Pendulous | drooping, of ovules, attached at the top of the ovary and hanging downwards from an apical placenta |
| Percussion | striking the body; collision |
| Pericardium | surrounding the heart |
| Perineum | the region between the thighs, in the female between the vulva and the anus, in males, between the scrotum and the anus |
| Peritoneum | the smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen |
| Petechiae | small red spots on the skin that usually indicate a low platelet count |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| Pica | a disorder causing the wish to eat nonedible objects |
| Placebo | a treatment that has no effect on patient illness, it is used as a control in experiments |
| Pleura | the serous membranes covering the lungs |
| Polyp | growth, usually benign, protruding from a mucous membrane |
| Polyuria | excessive urination |
| Pressure sore/ulcer | an ulceration of tissue deprived of adequate blood supply by prolonged pressure |
| Process | a portion of bone jutting out for the purpose of muscle attatchment |
| Projectile vomiting | forcive vomitimg |
| Prolapsed | the falling down or slipping of a body part from its usual position or relation |
| Prophylactic | guarding from or preventing the spread or occurrence of disease or infection |
| Prosthesis | an orthotic produced to replace a lost body part |
| Pruritus | localized or generalized itching due to irritation of sensory nerve endings |
| Psychosomatic | of, relating to, concerned with, or involving both mind and body |
| Ptosis | a sagging or prolapse of an organ or part |
| Purulent | containing, consisting of, or being pus |
| Pylorus | the opening from the vertebrate stomach into the intestine |
| Pyorrhea | a discharge of pus |
| Pyrosis | heartburn |
| Rebound congestion | ... |
| Rebound tenderness | ... |
| Reduction | to make smaller |
| Remission | when the symptoms of a disease go away, but the person still has the disease |
| Resect | to remove, or make smaller |
| Rhonchus | a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed |
| Rugae | an anatomical fold or wrinkle especially of the viscera |
| Sarcoma | a malignant tumor arising in tissue of mesodermal origin (as connective tissue, bone, cartilage, or striated muscle) that spreads by extension into neighboring tissue or by way of the bloodstream |
| Sclerosis | hardening of tissues |
| Scoliosis | a lateral curvature of the spine |
| Seizure | a sudden attack caused by an abnormal electrical discharge in the brain |
| Septum | a dividing wall or membrane especially between bodily spaces or masses of soft tissue |
| Sialadenitis | inflammation of a salivary gland |
| Sign | an objective evidence of disease especially as observed and interpreted by the physician rather than by the patient or lay observer Ex: temperature |
| Somnambulism | sleep walking |
| Spasticity | a spastic state or condition |
| Sphincter | an annular muscle surrounding and able to contract or close a bodily opening |
| Spina bifida | a neural tube defect marked by congenital cleft of the spinal column usually with hernial protrusion of the meninges and sometimes the spinal cord |
| Stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| Stoma | an artificial permanent opening especially in the abdominal wall made in surgical procedures |
| Stomatitis | any of numerous inflammatory diseases of the mouth having various causes |
| Stupor | a chiefly mental condition marked by absence of spontaneous movement, greatly diminished responsiveness to stimulation, and usually impaired consciousness |
| Suppository | a solid but readily meltable cone or cylinder of usually medicated material for insertion into a bodily passage or cavity |
| Symptom | subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance observed by the patient |
| Syncope | fainting |
| Syndrome | a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality |
| Systemic | of, relating to, or common to a system |
| Systolic | the contraction of the heart by which the blood is forced onward and the circulation kept up |
| Tactile | having or being organs or receptors for the sense of touch |
| Therapeutic | of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods |
| Tinea | any of several fungal diseases of the skin |
| Tinnitus | a sensation of noise (as a ringing or roaring) that is caused by a bodily condition and can only be heard by the patient |
| Topical | applied to the skin like lotion |
| Torticolis | a twisting of the neck to one side that results in abnormal carriage of the head and is usually caused by muscle spasms AKA wryneck |
| Traction | the pulling of or tension established in one body part by another |
| Transdermal | relating to, being, or supplying a medication in a form for absorption through the skin into the bloodstream |
| Tremor | a trembling or shaking usually from physical weakness, emotional stress, or disease |
| Trendelenburg | a position of the body for medical examination or operation in which the patient is placed head down on a table inclined at about 45 degrees from the floor with the knees uppermost and the legs hanging over the end of the table |
| Triage | the sorting of patients (as in an emergency room) according to the urgency of their need for care |
| Trocar | a sharp-pointed surgical instrument fitted with a cannula and used especially to insert the cannula into a body cavity as a drainage outlet |
| Tubal ligation | ligation of the fallopian tubes that by preventing passage of ova from the ovaries to the uterus serves as a method of female sterilization |
| Ulcer | a break in skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue, and often pus |
| Urticaria | hives |
| Uvula | the pendent fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate |
| varices | an abnormally dilated and lengthened vein, artery, or lymph vessel |
| Vasectomy | surgical division or resection of all or part of the vas deferens usually to induce sterility |
| Verrucae | a wart or warty skin lesion |
| Vertigo | dizziness |
| Vesicle | a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch |
| Visceral | of, relating to, or located on or among the viscera |
| Vitiligo | a skin disorder manifested by smooth white spots on various parts of the body |
| Void | to discharge or emit |
| Zygomatic | of, relating to, constituting, or situated in the region of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch |
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