Religion
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 James (religion) | consists of a belief that there is an unseen order, and that our supreme good lies in harmoniously adjusting ourselves thereto |
| Geertz (religion) | system of symbols that acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that the moods and motivation seems uniquely realistic |
| Gorgias | active speaker with a passive audience- "speech is a powerful lord" |
| Protagoras | humanist, valued opion and common sense, Sophist, examined both sides of argument- anti-logic |
| Isocrates | good speech is the sign of good thought |
| doxa | opinion, individual common sense (Isocrates) |
| Durkheim (religion) | the institutionalization of the creative process through which society generates its people |
| Aristotle Three Kinds of Knowledge | Universals (always true), Particulars, Generals |
| Three Appeals | Ethos (ethical appeals to ones character), Logos (appeal to reason), Pathos (appeal to emotions/innate desires) |
| Copia | treating an argument in as many differnt ways as possible, multiple angles and lots of owrds, through process get better ideas |
| homonoia | consensus (pursued through controversy and education) |
| I.A Richards | Context Theorem of Meaning (words are contextual based upon personal subjective experience) |
| The Universal Audience | standard used to judge the validity of an argument, ethical standard by which to guide things, Chaim Perelman |
| Jurgen Habermas | Communicative Rationality-mass consensus based on communication of ideas |
| Aristotle (rhetoric) | the art of perceiving the available means of persuasion |
| Burke (rhetoric) | rhetoric is a symbolic means of inducing cooperation in beings that by nature respond to symbols |
| Bitzer (rhetoric) | rhetoric is a mode of altering reality, not by the direct application of energy objets, but by the creation of discourse which changes reality through the mediation of thought and action |
| Polysemy | the capactiy for a sign or signs to have multiple meanings-meaning framed by context |
| Kairos | timing of opportunity-Isocrates |
| Peitho | sweet speech or allure got Socrates in trouble |
| worldview | shaped by your beliefs Geertz |
| antilogic | to each question there can be two answers |
| Platonic Ideals | realm of ideas as absolute reality |
| rhetorical situation | Describes the scenario that contains a speech act, including the considerations (purpose, audience, author/speaker, constraints to name a few) that play a role in how the act is produced and perceived by its audience. |
| terministic screen (Burke) | the words chosen to describe something in a certain framework→ language determines perception of reality |
| Pragmatism | philosophical movement, developed in the United States, which holds that both the meaning and the truth of any idea is a function of its practical outcome- James |
| eikos | probable, reasonable, probability that something will happen |
| controversia | disagreement necessary for consensus |
| Levels of Conscious Reflection | ideas, beliefs, and the metaphysical dream (Weaver) |
| Psychology of Form (Burke) | Expectation of natural succession |
| Toulmin | philosopher of argument who saw the value of an argument not in how it conformed to formal logic |
| Richards (Rhetoric) | "the study of misunderstanding and its remedies" |
| Weaver (Rhetoric) | an art of emphasis embodying an order of desire." Must be grounded in the "ideal" |
| ontology | is the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence or reality in general, |
| perception | the human's response sensory information |
| conception | an idea, usually formed in response to an accumulation of perceptions |
| Augustine | unifies monotheistic ideas philosophically, exchanges decorum for caritas, trained in Ciceronia rhetoric, "Manichean," converts to Christianity, neoplatonist. |
| fitting response | the appropriate response to a rhetorical situation |
| sign | a signifier of a recognizable tangible object-Lessl |
| ideas | what things are |
| beliefs | an ordering of ideas preferences |
| metaphysical dream | an intuitive feeling about the nature of reality |
| stasis | strife, immobility, where the argument hinges |
| sophists | came before the Philosophers- Ancient lawyers- for $ they would provide argument- |
| Bellah | a set of symbolic forms and acts which relate man to the ultimate condition of his existence |
| Karl Marx | the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, just as it is at the spirit of a spiritless situation... |
| civic piety | rhetorical way of discussing America's sacred beliefs |
| Levels of Religious Belief | religious objects, ideas of concrete objects,ideas of abstract objects |
| Philosophers | stress logic over communication |
| communicative rationality | mass consensus based on communication of ideas |
| Wiliam James | religion not fake focused on individual experience and belief |
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