Combo with Colonial Rivalries and 2 others

5 Written Questions

1. The 1909 agreement precluded either power from military intervention in Morocco but recognised France's special interests there. In April France sent a military expedition to Fez, the capital. Officially sent to help the Sultan suppress a revolt and to protect French citizens, it really went to establish a French protectorate over Morocco. Unsurprisingly Germany declared France was in breach of the 1909 agreement. On 1 July 1911 German gunboat Panther arrived in Agadir. On 4 July Britain told Germany they should be involved in any resolution. Although hostilities were clearly precipitated by France and British interests in Morocco were negligible, Chancellor Lloyd George spoke on 21 July that Britain saw 'equitable stability' as vital - seen as a backing of France, in that it intimated maintaining the status quo. Crisis was ended by withdrawal of Panther and following Paris conference Germany gave France a free hand in Morocco, recognised the protectorate and in exchange received two strips of territory in French Congo.
2. Austria Hungary dominated the Balkans economically, so to try to reduce its dependence on Austria HUngary, Serbia began to build trade links with France & Bulgaria. Austria-H reacted by banning all imports of Serbian pork, and Serbia responded by selling its goods to France
3. Discontent amongst peasants was fuelled by repressive government and lack of reforms. Demonstrators marched to the Winter Palace in 1905 and were fired on. This was the final straw and unrest followed. The Duma (parliament) was created although powers eventually cut back by Tsar
4. Following the 1st crisis, Britain & France began staff talks, and following the latter, Britain considered going to war to defend her ally and emphasised in 1912 by the creation of the French protectorate with British backing - the relationship was shown to be strong. German and French rivalry was further emphasised
5. In May the Germans imposed this harsh settlement forcing payment of 5 billion gold francs from France, and Alsace-Lorraine was lost

5 Matching Questions

1. Alvensleben Convention 1863
2. Lord Salisbury
3. Impact of Anglo-French relations on Anglo-Russian co-operation
4. Anglo-Russian agreement 1907
5. Algeciras Conference 1906

1. a The two powers signed an agreement over Persia, Afghanistan & Tibet. This in effect limited the two powers' influence in Persia and cleared away the possibility of Russo-British conflict outside the Balkans
2. b The implication from the improved Anglo-French relations was that France's ally, Russia, would have improved relations with Britain
3. c Tory PM who maintained policy of 'splendid isolation'. Distrusted democracy despite success in polls and concerned about its impact on British foreign policy. Shared Gladstone's dislike of imperial expansion but recognised popularity. Cautiously pro-French.
4. d By signing this agreement in February, Bismarck strengthened Russia's hand in Poland and ensured Russia's benevolent neutrality in the 1866 war against Austria
5. e This disappointed the Germans as the conference agreed Morocco was a place of concern but also noted that France had the main role. This defeat made Germany even more conscious that her only ally was Austria-H, a situation Bismarck had tried so hard to avoid. France expanded influence in Morocco after this and despite a Franco-German economic co-operation and equality of opportunity agreement in 1909, France continued to dominate e.g the Union des Mines Marocaines was funded 80% French 20% German

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Here Britain offered Germany support for an extension to its African empire in return for a halt to naval buildling. However this came to nothing as Germany would not stop its naval expansion without concrete compensation. On both sides, the buildilng and plans became almost an obsession that dominated relations between them.
   1. Russian Revolution 1905
   2. Haldane Mission 1912
   3. Boxer Rebellion 1900
   4. Italian Unification 1871
2. The name for both the French desire for revenge on Prussia for the loss of the provinces of Alsace Lorraine and the determination to recover them. Louis XIV had secured these in the 1680s
   1. Dual Monarchy
   2. Big Bulgaria
   3. Slavs
   4. Revanchism
3. They hoped for a quick victory that others would accept. They reached Constantinople in less than a year on 20 Jan 1878 before the Great Powers intervened
   1. Austro-Prussian War 1866
   2. Franco Prussian War 1870-71
   3. Russo-Turkish War 1877-78
   4. Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905
4. Reason for Austria-Hungary's decline; Austria was forced to grant concessions to Hungary creating two monarchs for the country
   1. Dual Monarchy
   2. Revanchism
   3. Slavs
   4. Big Bulgaria
5. Praised the Boer President for fending off the Jameson Raid of British irregulars without the need to seek help from 'friendly powers'. Applauded by German press but caused great indignation in Britain, firmly establishing antagonism between the 2 states
   1. Kruger Telegram 1896
   2. Boxer Rebellion 1900
   3. Schlieffen Plan 1895
   4. Congress of Berlin 1878

5 True/False Questions

1. Treaty of Neuilly - November 1919 → Between Bulgaria and Allies - Romania, Greece & Serbia all gained territory from defeated Bulgaria - Bulgarian army was limited to 33k - Bulgaria was ordered to pay reparations (subsequently cut due to poverty)

   True        False

2. Murder of Alexander I of Serbia 1903 → Between Hungary and Allies - Reduced size & population of Hungary by 2/3 - Rumania, Yugoslavia & Czechoslovakia all gained lands from Hungary - Hungary had no access to the sea - Hungary's army was severely limited in numbers

   True        False

3. Admiral von Tirpitz → Reason for Austria-Hungary's decline; Austria was forced to grant concessions to Hungary creating two monarchs for the country

   True        False

4. Treaty of Brest Litovsk - March 1917 → Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Ukraine + Georgia either declared independent or put under German control. 6000 million marks to be paid in reparations. More than a third of population and farming land of Russian Empire lost over 80% of coal mines.

   True        False

5. Fashoda Incident 1898 → In 1895 Britain declared they would regard French interference in the Nile Valley as unfriendly. But to encourage British negotiation over Egypt, a French expedition was sent under Captain Marchand to Fashoda on the upper Nile. In September 1898 they were met by a much stronger British force under Kitchener. 2 November; France ordered Marchand to withdrew and war was averted, whilst public opinion in both countries favoured war. Salisbury might've been prepared to make small concessions but Parliament and the public were against this. Consequently Britain was more solidly established on the Nile and even less likely to abandon Egypt. France had expected support from Russia on Egypt but since France had failed to support Russia over her claims to Port Arthur in Asia, Russia failed to support her here

   True        False