16.3, 16.4
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146 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mexico City | Today, we call Tenochtitlan: |
| Near the Cactus | Tenochtitlan is an Aztec name meaning: |
| Tropic of Cancer | Tenochtitlan is near the: |
| Human sacrifice | The Aztecs practiced ______ ______ on an alarming scale. |
| Living hearts | The Aztec religion required that the gods be fed by _____ _____. |
| Sun | The Aztecs worshiped the: |
| Tenochtitlan | The Aztecs believe that the sun god led them to: |
| War god | The sun god was also the: |
| Warfare | _____ was a religious duty. |
| Neighbors | The Aztecs made war on their _______. |
| Human sacrifice | The Aztecs took prisoners of war and used them for: |
| Warriors | The Aztecs were: |
| Taxes, tribute, and victims for human sacrifice | What did the Aztecs want from conquered peoples? |
| Taxes | Paid in maize and other food |
| Tribute | To turn over all one's gold, cocoa beans, cotton, jaguar pelts, etc. |
| Emperor | The Aztec empire was ruled by an: |
| Nobility | The Aztec emperor belonged to the royal family and was chosen by the: |
| False | True or False: The Aztec emperor was all-powerful. |
| Council of Nobles | The Aztec emperor had to consult a: |
| Montezuma | In 1502, _______ became the Aztec emperor. |
| Death penalty | For most crimes, people got the: |
| Human sacrifice | Death penalty of the Aztecs |
| Mutilated | For minor crimes, people were: |
| Heirarchical | The Aztecs had a ________ society |
| Nobles, commoners, serfs, slaves | Four classes of the Aztecs |
| Commoners | Farmers, merchants, artisans |
| Serfs | Worked the nobles' land |
| Slaves | Huge class of people |
| Higher social rank | When a warrior took lots of prisoners of war, he was rewarded with a: |
| Captured in war, considered property, and children were born free | How did one become a slave? |
| Kinship groups | The government gave land to: |
| Kinship groups | A cluster of families who are related |
| Worked it together | A kinship group who owned land as a group: |
| True | True or False: Extended family was normal. |
| True | True or False: Men were superior to women. |
| False | True or False: There were women in religion or government positions. |
| True | True or False: Aztec children were put to work. |
| Boys | Only ___ attended school. |
| Religion; warfare | At school, the boys received training in ______ and ______. |
| Tortilla | The main food of he Aztecs was the: |
| False | True or False: Meat was abundant. |
| Hunters | Men were: |
| Nobility | The famous chocolate drink was only for the: |
| Cotton | Everybody wore: |
| Adobe | Aztecs lived in _____ homes. |
| Pyramids | ________ were at the heart of Aztec culture. |
| Temples | The Aztec pyramids were _________, NOT burial places for rulers. |
| True | True or False: The Aztecs did NOT have the wheel, wheeled carts, or sturdy animals to help them build pyramids. |
| Logs | The Aztecs used _____ to roll giant slabs of limestone. |
| Pictographs | Pictures that represent objects, but not complex ideas. |
| Codex | An illustrated manuscript that tells a religious legend or explains a religious ritual. |
| 365 | The Aztec calendar had _____ days. |
| Sacred calendar | Aztec calendar that had 13 months and 20 days |
| Agricultural/solar calendar | Aztec calendar that had 18 months of 20 days |
| 360; 5 | The Aztecs had ____ days, and ____ unlucky days |
| Drums, rattles, flutes | Aztec instruments |
| Hollowed logs | Drums were made from: |
| Jaguar skin | Covered the drum head |
| American mainland | After colonizing several Caribbean islands, the Spanish turned their attention to the: |
| Conquistadors | Spanish explorers |
| Hernando Cortes | Landed in Mexico; made way from the coast to the city of Tenochtitlan |
| Spanish | The first European settlers in the Americas. |
| Milk | The Aztecs made chocolate drinks but didn't use: |
| Baked or broiled | Everything the Aztecs cooked was either: |
| Soap | The Aztecs took hot steam baths and cold baths in the lake, but never used: |
| Plowed their fields | Most Aztecs were farmers, but they never: |
| Meat | Aztecs rarely ate: |
| On foot | The Aztecs had people who memorized messages and delivered them: |
| Litter | The emperor was carried on a: |
| True | True or False: The Aztecs Never sacrificed valuable animals such as oxen or sheep. |
| 60 pounds | Every Aztec boy carried a small bag of stones around his neck. He added a stone each month until he carried ________ around his neck. |
| Gods | When Cortes and his conquistadors arrived on horseback, the Aztecs thought they were: |
| Mexico | The peak of the Aztec civilization was in: |
| Valley of Mexico | The ancestors of the Aztecs settled in the: |
| Central Mexico | Within 200 years, the Aztecs had conquered all of: |
| Tenochtitlan | The Aztec capital |
| Lake Texcoco | Tenochtitlan was built on an island in: |
| Venice | This canal ran through the city of Tenochtitlan |
| Roads | _____ connected the island city to the mainland. |
| Hieroglyphs | System of writing |
| Pictographs | Pictures that symbolize objects |
| Tacos, tortillas, avocado, and chocolate | Main foods of the Aztecs |
| Hernando Cortes | Conquered the Aztecs |
| South America | The Incas peaked in: |
| Inca | The _____ empire was the largest empire on the face of the earth. |
| Andes Mountains | The Inca empire stretched 3,000 miles high in the: |
| Cusco | The Inca capital that was 3,000 feet above sea level |
| Peru, Ecuador, and Chile | The Inca empire was centered in: |
| Engineers | The Inca were outstanding: |
| Networks of roads, suspension bridges, and aqueducts | The Inca built these great public works |
| Unite the empire | The Inca build networks of roads to: |
| Centralized | The Inca had a ________ government. |
| The Welfare State | Had NO personal freedom, but the government fed everybody. |
| True | True or False: The Inca emperor was all-powerful. |
| Highly structured | The Inca had a _____ ______ society. |
| Judges | Inca laws were administrated by: |
| Agricultural system | The Inca had a tightly organized _________ _________. |
| Messengers over the road system | Effective system of communication for the Incas |
| Silver and gold | The Inca were extremely wealthy in _____ and ______. |
| False | True or False: The Incas had a writing system. |
| 10's | The Incas counted by: |
| Husascar and Athahualpa | When the Inca ruler died, there was a civil war between his 2 sons named: |
| Husascar | The older brother who was heir to the Inca throne |
| Athahualpa | The younger brother who won the war against his brother, but weakened the Inca Empire |
| Pizarro | Conquered the Inca empire by killing Athahualpa |
| True | True or False: The Inca empire was highly centralized, so it could not run without the emperor. |
| Teotihuacan | The first major civilization of central Mexico |
| Pyramid of the Sun | Biggest pyramid of Teotihucacan |
| Teotihuacan | Became the center of trade that extended far into Central Mexico |
| Obsidian | Teotihuacan's most valuable trade item |
| Obsidian | A green or black volcanic glass found in the Valley of Mexico used to make razor-sharp weapons |
| City of the Gods | Teotihuacan means: |
| Toltecs | Rose to power decades after the Teotihuacan civilization declined |
| Tula | The Toltec capital |
| Topiltzin | Toltec ruler that tried to change the Toltec religion; called the people to end the practice of human sacrifice; encouraged them to worship Quetzalcoatl |
| Quetzalcoatl | The Feathered Serpent |
| Yucatan Peninsula | Topiltzin and his followers exiled to the: |
| Mexica | Before the Aztecs came to power, they were known as the: |
| Mexica | Poor, nomadic people from the harsh deserts of northern Mexico |
| Huitzilopochtli | The god of sun and warfare |
| Triple Alliance | The Aztecs joined the Texaco and the Tlacopan to form the: |
| 38 | The Aztec empire was divided into ___ provinces. |
| Causeways | Three raised roads |
| Tlatelolco | Huge market that served as the heart of the city Tenochtitlan |
| Chinampas | Farm plots built on the marshy fringes of the lake |
| Floating gardens | Chinampas were sometimes called: |
| The Great Temple | A massive, walled complex, filled with palaces, temples, and government buildings in the center of Tenochtitlan |
| Religion | ______ played a major role in the Aztec society |
| Weaken | Under the rule of Montezuma, the Aztec empire began to: |
| Xochimilco | A lake with floating gardens |
| Pachacuti | Inca ruler that conquered Peru and moved into neighboring lands |
| Land of the Four Quarters | Inca ruled an empire that stretched 2,500 miles along the western coast of South America called: |
| Centralized bureaucracy | The Inca units were governed by a: |
| Quechua | Official language of the Inca |
| Iron | The Inca had no: |
| Allyu | Extended family group |
| Mita | The labor tribute that required all-bodied citizens to work for the state warehouses, or help with public works projects |
| Chuño | Freeze-dried potatoes; stored in huge government warehouses for distribution in times of food shortages (Incas) |
| Chasquis | A system of runners that served as the postal service for the Incas |
| Quipu | A set of knotted strings that could be used to record data |
| Viracocha | Primary Incan god; the creator god |
| Inti | The Incan ruler was considered a descendant of ______, the sun god. |
| Mamakuna | Virgins of the Sun; young, unmarried women that were drafted by the Inca to a lifetime of religious service; teachers, spinners, weavers, and beer makers |
| Yamacuna | Young men that were drafted by the Inca to a lifetime of religious service |
| Huayna Capac | The Incan Empire reached its height of its glory under the reign of: |
| Smallpox | Huayna Capac died of: |
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