Brain and Sensory Organs
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Central nervous system | The brain and spinal cord, main nervous system |
| Peripheral nervous sytem | Arms, legs, everything else besides the CNS |
| Autonomic nervous system | Controls all involuntary body functions |
| Somatic nervous system | Controls all voluntary body functions |
| Hemispheres | The right and left sides of the brain |
| Cerebrum | The largest part of the brain, has folds and grooves, controls all your senses |
| Cerebellum | Controls balance |
| Corpus Callosum | Connects the two hemispheres of the brain |
| Oblong Ata | Controls most of the involuntary functions |
| Neurons | Over 100,000,000 of these cells in the brain, controls sending messages |
| Dendrites | The signals that the neurons receive and transmit |
| Cell body | Controls the nucleus of the dendrite |
| Axon | Receives and transmits electrical signals/impulses |
| Myelin | Created by the Schwann cell, a fatty sheet that protects the axon |
| Nodes of Ranvier | The insides of the packs of myelin, speed up the impulses |
| Axon terminals | Send and receive chemicals, at the end of a neuron |
| Neurotransmitter | The chemical that the axon terminals send and receive |
| Glial cell | Support cells, over 80% of the cells in the human body |
| Pinna | Otherwise known as the auricle, this brings soundwaves into the ear |
| Ear canal | Directs the soundwaves |
| Ear drum | Vibrates when the soundwaves hit it to produce sound that you can hear |
| Ultrasound | Soundwaves over 20,000 hertz |
| Infrasound | Soundwaves under 20 hertz |
| Cochlea | Snail shaped organ that's filled with water for balance |
| Silia | Vibrates and sends signals to the brain that say that you are hearing something (if a silia dies, you lose some senses) |
| Semicircular canals | Three tubules in the ear |
| Iris | In the eye, it regulates the amount of light it can possibly see at one time |
| Pupil | Sees the image, can dilate |
| Retina | Made up of cones and rods; cones help you see colors, rods help you see shapes |
| Vitreous | Liquid inside your eyes |
| Skin | Makes up 12-15% of your body, keeps water inside the body, regulates temperature, and protects you from the sun's rays |
| Melanin | Uses pigment cells to determine how dark you will be, produced by the skin itself |
| Epidermis | The top layer of the skin, contains caratinocyte, and caratin, as well as melanocites |
| Dermis | The lower layer of the skin, includes connective tissue, nerve endings, sensory adapters, elastic fibers, sweat glands, and hair follicles |
| Touch sense | Absorbs chemicals, senses what you are feeling |
| Sebaceous glands | Oil glands |
| Apocrine gland | Secretes sweat, very large, and designed to help give your body an odor for tracking and communication purposes |
| Thermiogenesis | The beginning of heat |
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