1.
+/- 2.0: 165. When using a variable rectangular collimator, both alignment and length and width dimensions of the radiographic and light beams must correspond to within ______% of the SID.
2.
1 meter; 100 mR/hr.: 157. The housing that encloses the x-ray tube must be constructed so that leakage radiation measured at a distance of _______ meter(s) from the x-ray source does not exceed __________ mR/hr. when the tube is operated continuously at its highest current for its full potential.
3.
1/16, 7 ft.: 160. If the peak energy of the beam is 140 kVp, the primary protective barrier in a typical installation consists of ___________ inch of lead and extends ________ feet upward from the floor of the x-ray room when the x-ray tube is 5 to 7 feet from the wall in question.
4.
5.0 cm: 164. Gonadal shielding devices are used during radiologic procedures to protect the reproductive organs from exposure to the useful beam when they are in or within close proximity (about ______ cm) of a properly collimated beam.
5.
15 cm: 166. To protect the patient's skin from exposure to electrons produced by photon interaction with the collimator, the patients skin surface should be at least _________ cm. below the collimator.
6.
16 mR/hr: 155. If a radiographer stands 8 feet away from an x-ray tube and receives an exposure of 4 mR/hr, what will the exposure be if the same radiographer moves to a new position that is 4 feet from the x-ray tube?
7.
A, B, & C: 96. Which of the following techniques may be used to reduce patient dose. Select all that apply.
A) The use of high speed film along with high speed calcium tungstate intensifying screens
B) Using a higher kVp
C) The use of rare earth intensifying screens
D) Lower kVp
8.
A) 0 to 200 mR: 138. Pocket dosimeters generally used in radiology have a sensitivity of:
A) 0 to 200 mR
B) 50 - 200 mR
C) 75 - 180 mR
D) 80 - 500 mR
9.
A) 15 inches: 104. For fixed fluoroscopes, the minimum source to table distance is:
A) 15 inches
B) 7 inches
C) 20 inches
D) 23 inches
10.
A) 30 cm: 108. The minimum source to skin distance of mobile fluoroscopic units is:
A) 30 cm
B) 40 cm
C) 50 cm
D) 15 cm
11.
A) 50 keV: 134. A film badge is most sensitive to photons having an energy of:
A) 50 keV
B) 20 keV
C) 75 keV
D) 100 keV
12.
A) Distance: 121. The most effective means of protection from ionizing radiation is:
A) Distance
B) Proper filtration
C) Use of appropriate barriers
D) Use of cones
13.
A) earliest part of the menstrual cycle: 162. It is preferable that the radiologic technologist examination of the lower abdomen and pelvis of a fertile woman be limited to the ________ whenever possible.
14.
A) faster: 97. Rare-earth screens are noticeably ____ than calcium tungstate screens.
A) faster
B) slower
C) hotter
D) higher in environmental radiation
15.
A) fluoroscopic procedures: 103. The greatest radiation exposure levels in diagnostic equipment occur with:
A) fluoroscopic procedures
B) radiographic grid procedures
C) repeat radiographic procedures
D) unnecessary radiologic procedures
16.
A) increases: 98. When a grid is used, patient dose:
A) increases
B) decreases by 50%
C) remains the same
D) decreases by 25%
17.
A) Scattered radiation: 115. The type of radiation that poses the greatest occupational hazard in diagnostic radiology is:
A) Scattered radiation
B) Filtered radiation
C) The center of the central ray
D) Limited beam
18.
A) Self reading pocket ionization chamber: 147. This time you desire a personnel monitoring device that is small and easy to carry, is reasonably accurate and sensitive, and is able to give an immediate exposure readout for radiographers working in high exposure areas. Cost per unit is not a factor. What would be your first choice?
A) Self reading pocket ionization chamber
B) Thermoluminescent dosimeter
C) Film badge
D) Pen badge
19.
A) Three months: 145. A TLD badge may be worn for as long as:
A) Three months
B) Six months
C) Eight months
D) One year
20.
A) True: 112. Special consideration is required for pediatric patients because they may live long enough to develop a radiation induced leukemia or radiographic malignancy.
A) True
B) False
21.
A) True: 143. The thermoluminescent dosimeter is able to determine radiation dose more accurately than a film badge.
A) True
B) False
22.
A) True: 125. During fluoroscopic procedures, the radiographer should always wear a lead apron.
A) True
B) False
23.
B) 0.75 mR/hr: 123. If a radiographer stands 2 meters away from an x-ray tube and receives an exposure of 3mR/hour, what will the exposure be if the radiographer moves 4 meters from the x-ray tube?
A) 1.25 mR/hr
B) 0.75 mR/hr
C) 0.50 mR/hr
D) 0.25 mR/hr
24.
B) 1/16 inch thick lead: 117. In a typical installation when the peak energy of the beam is 130 kVp, the primary protective barrier consists of:
A) 3/4 inch thick lead
B) 1/16 inch thick lead
C) 1/2 inch thick lead
D) 1 inch thick lead
25.
B) 5 R per minute: 107. Non intensified fluoroscopic units entrance exposure rates may not exceed:
A) 1 R per minute
B) 5 R per minute
C) 10 R per minute
D) 25 R per minute
26.
B) 20 MREM: 111. The estimated genetically significant dose (GSD) for the people of the United States is about:
A) 40 MREM
B) 20 MREM
C) 30 MREM
D) 10 MREM
27.
B) a double dose of radiation: 99. When a repeat radiograph is performed, the patient's skin and gonads receive:
A) a minimal increase in dose of radiation
B) a double dose of radiation
C) six times more exposure
D) no additional radiation exposure
28.
B) cinefluoroscopy: 109. _________ procedures result in the highest patient doses of radiation than all other fluoroscopic procedures.
A) C-arm fluoroscopy
B) cinefluoroscopy
C) intermittent fluoroscopy
D) image intensification fluoroscopy
29.
B) decreases: 122. According to the inverse square law, when the distance from the x-ray source is doubled, the intensity of the radiation:
A) increases by a factor of 4
B) decreases
C) increases by a factor of 10
D) doubles
30.
B) equal to: 142. When a TLD badge is analyzed, the amount of light emitted by the crystals is _______ the TLD badge exposure.
A) inversely proportional to
B) equal to
C) twice
D) one half
31.
B) False: 95. Using a lower kVp and higher mAs reduces the patient dose of radiation.
A) True
B) False
32.
B) False: 127. It is permissible if necessary for the radiographer to stand in the primary beam to restrain a patient during a procedure.
A) True
B) False
33.
B) False: 101. A chest x-ray should be mandatory for all patients upon admission to the hospital.
A) True
B) False
34.
B) False: 124. The inverse square law does NOT apply to gamma and neutron radiation.
A) True
B) False
35.
B) False: 140. Because the self reading pocket dosimeter must be returned to a company for processing, it CANNOT give a radiographer an immediate exposure readout.
A) True
B) False
36.
B) False: 119. A protective barrier that is 10 meters from the x- ray source will require two times the thickness of a barrier that is 5 meters from an x-ray source
A) True
B) False
37.
B) Film badge: 129. The most widely used and economical type of personnel monitoring device is the:
A) Pocket ionization chamber
B) Film badge
C) Thermoluminescent dosimeter
D) Metal badge
38.
B) flat contact shield: 94. What type of gonadal shielding would provide maximum protection during most radiographic procedures for a female patient?
A) shadow shield
B) flat contact shield
C) flat shadow shield
D) flat shadow shield
39.
B) Lithium fluoride: 141. The sensing material most often contained in a thermoluminescent dosimeter is:
A) Mercury oxide
B) Lithium fluoride
C) Zinc oxide
D) Heat sensitive paper
40.
B) offer many benefits: 100. The use of a repeat analysis program in radiology departments has been proven to:
A) offer marginal results
B) offer many benefits
C) increase costs
D) increase errors
41.
B) one fourth: 105. Increasing filtration from 1mm aluminum to 3mm aluminum during fluoroscopic procedures decreases patient dose by:
A) one half
B) one fourth
C) one eigth
D) two times
42.
B) only once: 144. A TLD badge can be read:
A) 3 times
B) only once
C) up to 5 times
D) unlimited times
43.
B) Pocket dosimeter: 137. The personnel monitoring device that resembles an ordinary fountain pen externally is the:
A) TLD
B) Pocket dosimeter
C) Pen badge
D) Clip badges
44.
B) Pocket dosimeters: 136. ______________ are the most sensitive personnel monitoring devices.
A) Film badges
B) Pocket dosimeters
C) Thermoluminescent dosimeter
D) Electro meter
45.
B) proper collimation of the radiographic beam: 93. The first step in providing gonadal protection for the patient must be....
46.
B) Standing at 90 degrees to the patient: 120. When taking an x-ray of a patient with a mobile unit, the radiographer will receive the least amount of scattered radiation by:
A) Standing directly facing the patient
B) Standing at 90 degrees to the patient
C) Standing at 45 degrees to the patient
D) Standing over the patient
47.
B) Thyroid: 128. A shield of 0.5-mm lead equivalent can be worn at the neck to protect the susceptible:
A) Tonsils
B) Thyroid
C) Thymus
D) Adenoids
48.
B) very low energy beta radiation: 132. A film badge can reliably monitor all of the following except:
A) x-radiation
B) very low energy beta radiation
C) gamma rays
D) ionizing
49.
C) 0: 139. Before use, a pocket dosimeter's quartz fiber indicator must indicate:
A) -5
B) -10
C) 0
D) +10
50.
C) 0.25 mm: 156. A bucky slot shielding device of at least ______ mm lead equivalent should automatically cover the bucky slot opening during fluoroscopic examinations when the bucky tray is positioned at the foot end of the table.
A) 2.5 mm
B) 25 mm
C) 0.25 mm
D) 0.025 mm
51.
C) 10 mrem: 131. A film badge can record a radiation dose as low as:
A) 2 mrem
B) 4 mrem
C) 10 mrem
D) 50 mrem
52.
C) 12 inches: 102. Mobile radiographic units must use a minimum source to skin distance of:
A) 6 inches
B) 10 inches
C) 12 inches
D) 16 inches
53.
C) 50 mSv (5 rem): 114. According to federal government standards, radiology personnel may receive for whole-body occupational exposure an "annual effective dose equivalent limit" of:
A) 25 msv(2.5 rem)
B) 1 msv (0.1 rem
C) 50 mSv (5 rem)
D) 5 mSv (0.5 rem)
54.
C) A and B: 152. Radiation survey instruments measure the:
A) Total quantity of electrical charge resulting from the ionization of the gas
B) Rate at which the electrical charge is produced
C) A and B
D) None of the above
55.
C) Aluminum or copper: 135. A film badge consists of a plastic film holder, a film packet, and filters composed of:
A) Zinc and brass
B) Stainless steel and aluminum
C) Aluminum or copper
D) Lead and copper
56.
C) Be kept "as low as reasonably achievable": 116. According to the ALARA principle, occupational exposure of the radiographer should:
A) Not exceed 0.1 rem annual effective dose
B) Not exceed the maximum allowable dose of the general public
C) Be kept "as low as reasonably achievable"
D) Be as high as federal standards allow
57.
C) Cutie pie: 150. A ________is commonly used to measure the exposure the exposure rates at various distances from a patient who has received radioactive materials for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
A) Victoreen condenser R-meter
B) Geiger-Muller detector
C) Cutie pie
D) Proportional counter
58.
C) Density of the lead in a protective apron: 130. A densitometer is an instrument used to measure the:
A)) Density of developed film from a film badge
B) Density of lithium fluoride in a TLD
C) Density of the lead in a protective apron
D) Density of light transmitted to a given area
59.
C) Film badge: 146. You desire a device that is ightweight and easy to carry, cost effective for large numbers of people, can discriminate between x-, gamma, and beta radiation, and provides a permanent, legally acceptable record of personnel exposure. With these requirements in mind, your first choice would be:
A) Pocket ionization chamber
B) Thermoluminescent dosimeter
C) Film badge
D) Pen badge
60.
C) Geiger-Muller detector: 149. What type of instrument would you use to locate a lost radioactive source or to detect radioactive contamination?
A) Cutie pie
B) Proportional counter
C) Geiger-Muller detector
D) Victoreen condenser R-meter
61.
C) Ionization chamber-type survey meter: 148. What radiation survey instrument is called a "cutie pie"?
A) Proportional counter
B) Geiger-Muller (G-M) detector
C) Ionization chamber-type survey meter
62.
C) Thermoluminescent densitometers: 110. The sensing devices used most frequently to assess skin dose are:
A) Thermoluminescent dosimeters
B) Radioluminescent dosimeters
C) Thermoluminescent densitometers
D) Short wave receptor
63.
D) ) 0.35 mm: 126. Protective eyeglasses for radiology personnel should contain a minimum lead equivalent protection of:
A) ) 0.55 mm
B) ) 0.60 mm
C) ) 0.10 mm
D) ) 0.35 mm
64.
D) 1/1,000: 161. At a 90-degree angle to the primary x-ray beam, at a distance of one meter, the scattered x-ray intensity is generally about _______ of the intensity of the primary x-ray beam.
A) 1/100
B) 1/10
C) 1/10,000
D) 1/1,000
65.
D) 1/2 inch: 159. The secondary barrier should overlap the primary protective barrier by about _______ inch and must extend to the ceiling.
A) 1 inch
B) 2 inches
C) 1/4 inch
D) 1/2 inch
66.
D) 2.5 mm aluminum-equivalent total filtration: 92. Mobile radiographic units and fluoroscopic equipment would require:
A) 1.5 mm aluminum-equivalent total filtration
B) 1.0 mm aluminum-equivalent total filtration
C) 2.0 mm aluminum-equivalent total filtration
D) 2.5 mm aluminum-equivalent total filtration
67.
D) 3: 163. As a consequence of the anatomical location of the female reproductive system, these organs reieve about ____ times more exposure during a given radiologic procedure involving the pelvic region than do male reproductive organs.
68.
D) 5 rad or less: 113. According to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, fetal risk is considered to be negligible at:
A) 30 rad or less
B) 20 rad or less
C) 15 rad or less
D) 5 rad or less
69.
D) 10 R per minute: 106. According to current federal standards, exposure rates of general purpose intensified fluoroscopic units may NOT exceed:
A) 18 R per minute
B) 15 R per minute
C) 12 R per minute
D) 10 R per minute
70.
D) A and C: 158. Shielding for controlled areas is designed to maintain absorbed dose equivalent to occupants of controlled areas at less than _____ in a year.
A) 50 mSv
B) 50 mrem
C) 5 rem
D) A and C
71.
D) decreases by a factor of 16 at the new distance: 154. If the intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, when the distance from a point source of radiation is quadrupled, the intensity:
A) increases by a factor of 4 at the new distance
B) decreases by a factor of 4 at the new distance
C) decreases by a factor of 16 at the new distance
72.
D) Distance, occupancy, workload, & use: 118. In determining the thickness required for protective barriers, what factors must be considered?
A) Distance, height, occupancy, workload
B) Milliamperage, filters, personnel, distance
C) Number of daily procedures, number of x-ray units, filters used, milliamperage of units
D) Distance, occupancy, workload, & use
73.
D) One month: 133. The maximum amount of time that a radiographer should wear a film badge before turning it in for processing is:
A) Two weeks
B) Six weeks
C) Two month
D) One month
74.
D) outside of the protective apron at collar level: 153. Performing a fluoroscopic procedure, where should nonpregnant occupationally exposed persons wear a personnel monitoring device?
A) outside of the protective apron at hip level
B) under the protective apron at hip level
C) under the protective apron at the level of the sternal angle
D) outside of the protective apron at collar level
75.
D) Victoreen condenser R-meter: 151. Which of the following instruments is used to calibrate x-ray equipment?
A) Proportional counter
B) Geiger-Muller detector
C) Ionization chamber-type survey meter
D) Victoreen condenser R-meter
76.
Effective communication, eliminating voluntary patient motion, appropriate selection of radiographic exposure.: 167. The number of repeat radiographs in a radiology department can be reduced by:
