Lifespan nutrition
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 underweight may result in what? | low nutrient stores, low birth weight, and its a strong predictor of poor infant health. |
| low birth weight | an infant that weighs less than 5 1/2 lbs at birth (6.5 according to the lecture notes) |
| overweight may result in what? | gestational diabetes, difficult deliver, HTN, and increased risk of infant heart defects. |
| what are the support tissues (4) | placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic sac, circulatory system |
| what is the critical time period and why? | before the 4th week, the nueral tube closes |
| 1st trimester nutrient needs? | no additional energy needs |
| 2nd trimester nutrient needs? | additional 340 cal/day |
| 3rd trimester nutrition needs? | additional 450 cal/day |
| is carbohydrate protein sparing? | yes |
| pregnanct mothers need how much more protein than normal? | 25g |
| are high protein supplements safe? | no |
| pregnant women particularly have high needs for what nutrients? | folate, B12, vitamin D, Calcium, and Iron |
| weight can during pregnancy 1st trimester | 3.5 lbs |
| weight can during pregnancy 2nd and 3rd trimesters | 1lb per week |
| gestational diabetes | insulin resistance |
| complications d/t gestational diabetes | high birth wieght infant and increase risk for child obesity and diabetes |
| substances to avoid during pregnancy | coffee, alcohol, medicinal drugs, herbal supplements and teas (raspberry and peppermint), excess vitamins and minerals, fish with high mercury content, and cigarette smoking (also second hand). |
| what will caffeine cause? | low birth weight |
| a pregnant women can get listeriosis from... | soft mex cheese, feta, brie, roquefort, raw milk, and raw/rare meat. |
| cigarette smoking causes.. | damage to fetal chromosomes, and restricts blood supply to the fetus. |
| milk production healthy amount | 500 mL/ 275 calories |
| does a decreased quantity of milk decrease the quality of the milk? | no |
| substances to avoid during lactation? | alcohol, caffeine, cigarette smoke, and medicinal drugs |
| infant needs how many cal/lb? | 45-55 |
| what are signs when infant is ready for introduction of solid foods? | able to sit with support, tongue is able to laterally transfer food, voluntary movement of tongue and lips |
| what is the age to introduce solids | 4-6 months |
| what should be rich in infant food? | iron and vitamin C |
| iron deficiency impairs what in childhood? | learning ability and behavior |
| active 15 yo male needs how many calories | 3500 |
| an inactive 15 yo female needs how many calories? | 1800 |
| what is typically found in a breakfast? | vitC, vitA, riboflavin, Ca, Fe |
| drugs alcohol and cigarettes can affect | nutrient absorption and metabolism |
| obesity has a direct link with what? | diabetes, cerebral vascular disease, cancser, osteoarthritis, |
| vitamin and mineral insufficiency causes (6) | anemia, nerve damage, taste loss, osteoporosis, HTN, and brain damage |
| low fiber leads to what? | constipation, diverticulosis |
| anti-oxident insufficiency causes? | cataracts |
| omega 3 fatty acid insufficiency causes? | arthritis, alzheimers, and macular degeneration |
| energy needs decrease ___% per decade starting at ___ y.o. | 5, 35 |
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