| Term | Definition |
| types of variation | controlled and uncontrolled |
| controlled variation | patterns |
| uncrontrolled variation | career changes, residential moves |
| temporal autocorrelataion | relationship between consecutive events in time |
| spatial autocorreltion | measures attempts to deal simultaneously with similarities in the location of objects & their attributes |
| spatial heterogeneity | tendency of geographic places and regions to e different from each other |
| positive features | features similar in location also similar in attributes |
| negative features | features similar in location are more dissimilar in attributes than features farther apart |
| zero features | attributes and features appear to be in dependent of location |
| distance decay | chemical or oil spill, aircraft noise |
| induction | reasons from data to build up understanding |
| deduction | begins with theory and principle as a basis for looking at data |
| isopleth maps | used to visualize phenomena tht are conceptualized as fields and measured on interval or ratio scales, (temperature, depth) |
| choropleth maps | constructed from values describing the properties of non-overlapping areas (population, counties, census data) |
| regression analysis | allows us to identify the dependence of one variable upon one o more independent variables |
| multicollinearity | no two or more variables essentially measure the same construct |