spring 9th grade final exam biology
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 organic compound | a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides |
| ph scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 |
| chemical reactions | the process in which chemical bonds are broken and/or formed |
| chemical formula | a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements |
| structure of an atom | nucleus made up of protons and neutrons; the electrons make up the surrounding area |
| building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
| important porperties of water | ... |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| energy levels of electrons | ... |
| diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| osmosis | diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
| prokaryote | a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei |
| eukaryote | an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria |
| cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| plasma membrane | thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings, The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition. |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| plant cell | A small living part of a multicellular organism that makes its own food in chloroplast and reproduces sexually or asexually. |
| animal cell | A small living part of a multicellular organism that eats to gain energy and reproduces sexually. |
| nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| hypotonic | (of a solution) having a lower osmotic pressure than a comparison solution |
| hypertonic | (of a solution) having a higher osmotic pressure than a comparison solution |
| passive transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy |
| cell cycle | series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| interphase | a period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins |
| mitosis | cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |
| prophase | ... |
| metaphase | second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| anaphase | the stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle |
| telophase | the final stage of meiosis when the chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle |
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