Honors Biology Chapter 5 FINAL
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 macromolecules | proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| monomer | single unit of something |
| polymer | multiple units of something |
| dehydration synthesis | removing a water to combine molecules |
| hydrolysis | adding a water to split bonds |
| proteins | after water, it's the most abundant substance in the body; made up of amino acids |
| amino acid | 20 essential; building blocks of proteins |
| carbohydrate | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen arranged in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| lipid | non-polar, hydrophobic molecules |
| phospholipids | make up phospholipid bilayer; have polar and non-polar regions |
| steroids | lipids arranged in a 4 ring structure |
| triglycerides | glycerol molecule with three fatty acids |
| nucleic acids | make up DNA and RNA; made up of nucleotides |
| nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids; made up of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base |
| cholesterol | precursor to steroids; important in the structure of the plasma membrane |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; made up of nucleotides (ACGT); codes for proteins |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; single helix; made up of nucleotides (ACGU) |
| double helix | arrangement of DNA; outside rungs are the sugar and phosphate groups, while the insides are the nitrogenous bases |
| purines | adenine and guanine; double ring |
| pyrimidines | thymine and cytosine; single ring |
| ribose | sugar in RNA nucleotides |
| deoxyribose | sugar in DNA nucleotides |
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