Anatomy exam
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Created by:
volleyballgirl on May 22, 2010
Description:
same as kristen's with definitions and terms switched
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133 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Epiphyses | What term refers to the ends of a long bone? |
| Osteoblasts | What are bone building cells called? |
| Osteoclasts | What are bone-resorbing or destroying cells? |
| 26 | How many bones are in the adult vertebral column? |
| Scoliosis | What is an abnormal side-to-side curve in the vertebral column? |
| ball-and-socket | Which joints permit the widest range of movement? |
| open | What is another name for a compound fracture? |
| Long | What type of bone is the humerus? |
| Thoracic | What is the region of the vertebral column that contains the largest number of bones? |
| Femur | What is the longest bone of the body? |
| Mineral storage, blood formation, protection | What are the functions of the skeletal system? |
| long, short, flat, irregular | What are the four major categories of bone? |
| true ribs | What are ribs called that attach directly to the sternum by means of cartilage? |
| 2 | How many pairs of floating ribs are there? |
| 2 | Hinge joints allow motion in how many directions? |
| Pivot | When you turn your head, you are using what kind of joint? |
| hematopoiesis | The process of blood cell formation is known as what? |
| 206 | How many total bones are in the body? |
| Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx | What are the 5 regions of the spine? |
| Striated/skeletal | What is another name for a voluntary muscle? |
| Biceps brachii | What is the prime mover in the bending of the elbow? |
| Triceps brachii | What is the prime mover in the extending of the elbow? |
| Antagonist | What are the triceps brachii and the biceps brachii considered to be to each other? |
| extension | What is the movement that is the opposite of flexion? |
| contraction and shortening | What do all muscles specialize in? |
| Attachment to a more stationary bone | What is the origin of a muscle? |
| attachment to a more moveable bone | What is the insertion of a muscle? |
| movement, maintaining posture, producing heat for the body | What are the primary functions of the muscular system? |
| abduction | What is moving a body part away from the midline on the body? |
| Oxygen debt | The continued heavy breathing after strenuous exercise is an attempt by the body to "repay" the what? |
| Twitch | What is a quick jerky responce of a given muscle to a single stimulus called? |
| decrease it | What does muscle atrophy do to the size of a muscle? |
| Visceral muscle | What is another name for smooth muscle? |
| Voluntary muscle | What is another term for skeletal muscle? |
| Biceps brachii | What is the muscle on the front of the arm that is responsible for flexion? |
| Pectoralis major | What is the large fan shaped muscle that covers the upper chest? |
| Triceps brachii | What is the muscle on the back of the upper arm that is responsible for elbow extension? |
| Intercostal muscles | What are muscles that are located between the ribs? |
| Quadriceps | What is the group of muscles that make up the front of the thigh? |
| peripheral | Which nervous system is the eye considered to be part of? |
| dendritesl | What carries nerve impulses toward the cell body? |
| highly | Dendrites are usually highly or lowly branched? |
| afferent neurons | What are sensory neurons also called? |
| efferent neurons | What are motor neurons also called? |
| Interneurons | What is another name for connecting neurons? |
| Epineurium | What is the outermost covering of the nerve? |
| Medulla Oblongata | Where are the vital centers located? |
| Midbrain | What is the most superior part of the brainstem? |
| Spinal cord | What is the main reflex center of the central nervous system? |
| Hypothalamus | What structure is part of the central nervous system but also produces hormones for the endocrine system? |
| cerebellum | What lies just below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum and is responsible for muscle coordination? |
| Thalamus | What is the brain structure that associates sensations with emotions? |
| medulla oblongata | Part of the brainstem that contains that "vital centers." |
| cerebrum | What is the largest and uppermost part of the brain? |
| thyroid | What endocrine organ increases metabolism and increases blood calcium? |
| Ovaries | What endocrine organ produces estrogen and results in development of female characteristics? |
| parathyroid | What endocrine organ increases blood calcium concentration? |
| pituitary | What endocrine organ stimulates growth and is sometimes refered to as the master gland? |
| Pineal | What endocrine organ is the responsible for the body's internal clock? |
| Hypothalamus | What endocrine organ controls body temperature, appetite, thirst, and overall homeostasis? |
| Testes | What endocrine organ produces testosterone and results in the development of male characteristics? |
| Pancreatic islets | What endocrine organ increases blood glucose level and decreases blood glucose with insulin and basically controls glucose levels in the body? |
| thymus | What endocrine organ is responsible for functions of the immune system? |
| Adrenals | What endocrine organ maintains anti-inflammatory effect and controls stress responses? |
| Anterior Pituitary | Which endocrine organ is responsible for gigantism? |
| Thyroid | Which endocrine organ is responsible for the secretion of calcitonin? |
| Hypothalamus | Which endocrine organ is responsible for inhibiting hormones? |
| Adrenals | Which endocrine organ is responsible for body's resistance to stress? |
| Anterior pituitary | Which endocrine organ is responsible for secretion of hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to grow and secrete? |
| a particular hormone | What do target organ cells respond to? |
| Ductless | Are endocrine glands ductless or do they secrete into ducts? |
| Sphenoid | what is the location of the pituitary gland? |
| serum | What is plasma without clotting factors? |
| hemoglobin | What carries the oxygen through the blood and gives blood its red pigment? |
| O negative | What type of blood is the universal donor? |
| AB negative | What blood type is the universal recipient? |
| Thrombus | What is stationary clotting? |
| embolism | What is a clot that is no longer stationary? |
| Transportation of gases, nutrients | What is the primary function of blood? |
| 4-6 | How many pints of blood does the average adult have in the body? |
| Rhesus Monkey | What animal helped scientists discover the Rh factor in blood? |
| 80-120 days | What is the average life of a red blood cell? |
| White blood cells, Red blood cells, platelets | What are the three formed elements found in whole blood? |
| Slightly alkaline | Blood is normally slightly acidic or slightly alkaline? |
| Antigen | What is a substance that can stimulate the body to make antibodies? |
| Gastrointestinal tract (GI Tract) | what is another name for the alimentary canal? |
| Digestion, absorption, metabolism | Food undergoes what 3 kinds of processing in the body? |
| Exocrine | The liver is what kind of gland? |
| stomach | Where does protein digestion begin? |
| proteins | the enzyme pepsin is primarily concerned with the digestion of what? |
| Amino acids | What are the "building blocks" of protein molecules? |
| Incisors, canines, molars, premolars | What are the 4 major types of teeth found in the human mouth? |
| touching the diaphragm; left | The apex of the heart lies_________, pointing toward the ________ lung. |
| bicuspid (mitral) valve | What valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle? |
| tricuspid | What valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle? |
| Right atrium | Blood passing through the tricuspid valve has just left which chamber? |
| left atrium | Blood returning from the lung enters which heart chamber? |
| Trachea | What is the windpipe properly referred to as? |
| Pleura | What covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage? |
| Breathing (pulmonary ventilation) | What is the process that moves air in and out of the lungs? |
| expiration | What is taking place when the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles relax? |
| 1 pint | How much air does a person ordinarily take in with each breath? |
| hemoglobin | What is most oxygen that is transported in the body bound to? |
| inspiration | Elevation of the ribs, contraction of the diaphragm, and elongation of the chest cavity from top to bottom occur during what process? |
| Air distributor | the function of the respiratory system is? |
| pharynx | upper respiratory tract |
| air distributor and gas exchanger | The organs of the repiratory system serve as what? |
| filters, warms, and humidifies | the respiratory system does what to the air taken in? |
| nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs | What are the major organs of the respiratory system? |
| alveoli | The respiratory system ends in million of tiny, thin-walled sacs called what? |
| pharynx | organ of the digestive and respiratory systems; more commonly called the throat |
| larynx | the voice box located just below the pharynx; commonly known as the Adam's apple |
| trachea | the windpipe; the tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi |
| bronchi | the branches of the trachea |
| bronchioles | small branches of a bronchus |
| alveoli | small cavity; they are microscopic scalike dilations of terminal bronchioles |
| diffusion | spreading; for example, scattering of dissolved paricles |
| respiratory muscosa | mucus-covered membrane that lines the tubes of the respiratory tree |
| respiratory membrane | the single layer of cells that makes up the wall of the alveoli |
| pleura | the serous membrane in the thoracic cavity |
| inspiration | what is the process of moving air into the lungs; opposite of exhalation and also referred to as inhalation? |
| expiration | what is the process of moving air out of the lungs; opposite of inhalation or inspiration and also referred to as exhalation? |
| diffusion | how is gas exchanged between the lungs and blood, and the blood and tissues? |
| cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic and peripheral nervous systems | What makes up the peripheral nervous system? |
| numerous organs | sympathetic stimulation usually results in a response of what? |
| diaphysis | What term refers to the shaft of a long bone? |
| Humerus, ulna, and raduis | Which bones make up the arm? |
| adduction | What term means movement towards the body? |
| They don't have a nucleus | Why are red blood cells' life spans so short? |
| albumins, globulins, fibrinogens, and prothrombins | What are the 4 important proteins in the plasma portion of whole blood? |
| Mechanical | The churning of food in the stomach is an example of the ____________ breakdown of food |
| Chemical | __________ breakdown occurs when digestive enzymes act on food as it passes through the digestive tract |
| Mouth, stomach, cecum, esophagus, rectum, and pharynx | The main organs of the digestive system are what? |
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