Biology Chapter 13
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Selective breeding | allowing only those animals-including horses, cats, and farm animals-and most crop plants have been produced by selective breeding. |
| Hybridization | Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms |
| Inbreeding | continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics |
| Polyploid | Have many sets of chromosomes |
| Genetic Engineering | making changes in the DNA code of a living organism |
| Restriction enzymes | Used to cut DNA at specific sequence of nucleotides |
| Gel electrophoresis | Mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of a porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel. Used to compare the genomes of different organisms or different individuals |
| Recombinant DNA | They are produced by combining DNA from different sources |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | (PCR) Allows biologist to make copies of a particular gene. |
| Plasmid | small circular DNA molecule. Found in natural bacteria and used for DNA transfer. |
| Genetic Marker | A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid( and the foreign DNA) from those that don't |
| Transgenic | Contain genes from other organisms |
| Clone | Member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell. |
| Humans use selective breeding to... | ...pass desired traits on to the next generation of organisms |
| Breeders can increase the genetic variation in population by... | ...inducing mutations, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability |
| Scientist use their knowledge of the structure of DNA and its chemical properties to... | ... study and change DNA molecules |
| Different techniques are used to... | ...extract DNA from cells, to cut DNA into smaller pieces, to identify the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule, and to make unlimited copies of DNA |
| During transformation... | ...a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell, it becomes a part of cell's DNA |
| If transformation is successful, the one recombinant DNA is... | ...integrated into one of the chromosomes of the cell. |
| Genetic engineering has spurred the growth of biotechnology... | ...a new industry that is changing the way we interact with the living world. |
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