Chapter 19: Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are the atomic components? | 2 types of particles: Protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Describe a proton. | -Has a positive charge -relative mass of 1 -determines atomic number -found inside nucleus -identifies element - if you change the # of protons you change the element |
| Describe a neutron | -has no charge -relative mass of 1 -determines isotope (2 of the same element with different masses) -found inside nucleus |
| Describe an electron. | -Has a negative charge -Relative mass of 0 -determines the ion (positive or negative charge of element, result of loss/gain of electrons) -found outside nucleus |
| Bohr vs. Electron Cloud Model | Bohr: electrons are in specific energy levels Cloud: electrons are in a random order |
| P, N, e relationship | # of protons = atomic number # of electrons = #of protons in a neutral atom (0 charged) # of protons and neutrons = atomic mass |
| Describe Ions. | -Positively or negatively charged elements - result of loss or gain of elements - more electrons than protons = negative, more protons than electrons = positive |
| Describe isotopes. | Atoms of the same element with a differing number of neutrons |
| What is the deference between Periods and groups? | -period: row of elements whose properties change gradually and predictably (numbered 1-7) -group: column of elements that have similar chemical and physical properties (numbered 1-18_ |
| Metals, Non-metals, and metalloids | - elements are broken down into 3 catagories with different characteristics |
| Alkali Metals | -group 1 (excluding hydrogen) -very reactive: become more reactive as you move down the column -always found with other elements in nature -silvery solids with low densities and low melting points |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | -group 2 -reactive, but not as reactive as the alkali -each one is denser, harder, and has a higer melting point than the alkali metal in its period |
| What are groups 3-16? | 3 - 12 are transition metals 13 is boron family 14 is carbon family 15 is nitrogen family 16 is oxygen |
| Halogens | -non metals -group 17 -most reactive of the non-metals -becomes LESS reactive as you move down the column -combine with alkali metals to make salts |
| Noble Gases | -non metals -group 18 -very low reactivity -always found by themselves in nature -all other elements want to be like noble gases |
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