1.
5: How many major faults are located in eastern massachusetts?
2.
6.0-6.2: What was the magnitude of Cape Ann Earthquake
3.
30,000, 75 Significant: How many earthquakes are strong enough to be felt happen worldwide per year?
4.
50 - 200 years: Great earthquakes happen ever how many years?
5.
50% More Filled: How has Boston Harbor changed over the past 300 years
6.
100 +: How many earthquakes do Massachusetts have annually?
7.
Aftershock: The adjustments that follow a major earthquake, weaker than main earthquake, but can destroy "weakened" structures
8.
Alaskan Earthquake: The most violent earthquake in North America this century that happened on Good Friday, 1964, with a magnitude of 9.2
9.
Amplitude: Maximum displacement, Magnitude of an earthquake is estimated by measuring this
10.
Asthenosphere: Soft and weak layer, small amount of melting, it is so weak that it allows the lithosphere to move above it independently
11.
California and Alaska: States with the biggest earthquake risk
12.
Cape Ann Earthquake: November 1755, Chimneys toppled (1000 +), houses came off their foundations, fish died from shock, no siesmometers at the time
13.
Charles Richter: Developed the first magnitude scale
14.
Circumpacific Belt: The greatest earthquake energy is released here
15.
Conn. Valley Border Fault, Wekepeke Fault, Clinton Newbury Fault, Bloody Bluff Fault, Northern Boder Fault: Major Faults of Massachusetts
16.
Continental Crust: Granatic rock, 24-40 miles thick
17.
Core: A sphere made of iron nickel alloy, radius of 3486 km
18.
Crust: Thin rocker outer shell
19.
Decrease: Does energy increase or decrease as the distance increases from the focus?
20.
Denali, Alaska Earthquake: 7.9 magnitude, november 3, 2002, the rockslides went a mile across the glacier, investigations of the headwall of the middle landslide indicates a volume at least as large as that which fell is almost ready to fall
21.
Earthquake: Vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of energy, caused by slippage along a fault into the earth's crust
22.
Earthquake Waves: Most knowledge of our planets interior comes from the study of ___________________ that travel through earth and vibrate the surface
23.
Elastic Rebound: As a rock is deformed, it bends; storing elastic energy, then once the rock is strained beyond the breaking point it ruptures and releases stored up energy creating earthquake waves
24.
Epicenter: The location of the surface directly above the focus
25.
Fault: A large fracture in the earth's crust
26.
Fault Creep: Displacement along a fault that is so slow and gradual that little seismic activity occurs
27.
Fire: In 1906 San Fransisco was destroyed mainly because of _____________
28.
Focus (Foci): The source of an earthquake, energy released in all directions from this point
29.
Foreshock: A small earthquake that often precedes a major earthquake
30.
Granite: What type of rock is located beneath Boston?
31.
Inner Core: Solid due to immense pressure
32.
Intensity: Measure the degree of earthquake shaking at a given place based on the amount of damage, based on seismic records from seismographs
33.
Intensity and Magnitude: 2 Measures that determine the earthquake size
34.
Intensity Scale: Developed to standardize the study of earthquake severity, they look at damage to buildings, descriptions of events, and secondary effects
35.
L Waves (Surface Waves): Travel along the outer layer of earth
36.
Liquefaction: Soils and other unconsolidated materials containing a lot of water are turned into a fluid like mass that is not capable of supporting buildings
37.
Lithosphere: Outer most layer, crust and upper most mantle, cool rigid shell
38.
Loma Prieta Earthquake: Collapsed a freeway near San Fransisco and claimed 67 lives
39.
Lower Mantle: Underneath the asthenosphere, stronger due to increased pressure
40.
Magnitude: Measures the amount of energy release at the source of the earthquake, relies on calculations that use data from seismic records
41.
Mantle: Mostly peridotite, 82 percent of the earths volume and extends 1800 miles deep
42.
Moderate: Massachusetts is listed as a _________ risk of earthquakes
43.
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale: Use California buildings as standard and used in the United States and Canada to estimate the strength of the quake.
44.
Moho or Mohorovicic Discontinuity: The boundary seperating the mantle from the crust, you can tell where this is based on the increase of seismic activity
45.
Moment Magnitude: A more precise measure of earthquakes magnitude that is derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along a fault
46.
More: Buildings that are located on floodplain deposits are (more/less) likely to have greater damage than buildings built on bedrock
47.
Much: How many times better do seismic waves travel through granite than through sediment
48.
Normal Fault: Headwall moves down
49.
Oblique Fault: Diagonal movement
50.
Oceanic Crust: Basaltic rock, 7 miles thick
51.
Off shore of Cape Ann: Where was the epicenter of the Cape Ann Earthquake
52.
Outer Core: Rigid layer of metallic iron
53.
P Waves (Primary Waves): Compressional waves that alternately compress and expand the material through which they pass, 1.7 times faster than S waves
54.
Palatine Lights: Ship that comes over from germany, mutany captain who stole from passengers, crew took over and the ship set on fire. Caused by natural gas deposits off the coast being ignited by lightening
55.
Refracted: Seismic rays are (straight/refracted) as they travel through earth
56.
Richter Magnitude Scale: Uses seismic records to estimate the size of the quake
57.
S Waves (Secondary Waves): Cause material to oscillate at right angles to direction of wave motion, only travel through solids
58.
San Andreas: The most studied fault system in the world
59.
Seismographs: An instrument that records earthquake waves
60.
Seismology: The study of earthquake waves
61.
Serious: Since the faults of Massachusetts are located underground, they will be (serious/mild)
62.
Shadow Zone: Absence of P waves from about 105 degrees to 140 degrees around the globe from an earthquake
63.
South Boston and North Boston, Back Bay: What part of the city of Boston is in the greatest danger?
64.
South Dakota and Florida: States with the least earthquake risk
65.
Stick Slip Motion: Fault segments that remain locked and store elastic energy for 100's of years before rupturing
66.
Strike-Slip: Two blocks slide past each other (transform)
67.
Thrust and Reverse Fault: Headwall moves up
68.
Travel Time Graph: The distance to the epicenter
69.
Tsunami: "Harbor Wave", generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water
70.
Tsunamis or Seismic Sea Waves: Most deaths associated with the 1964 Alaskan quake were caused by what?
71.
Unactive: How are the faults of new england unlike the faults of California?
72.
Yes: Does movement still occur along the faults of new england?
