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rotation turning on axis revolution orbiting around sun (once around) Equinox equal day and night vernal equinox spring equinox; March 21st; sun directly over equator at noon autumnal equinox fall equinox; Sept. 21st; sun directly over equator at noon Solstice Time when the Sun is farthest from the equator Summer Solstice June 21st; longest daylight hours; sun over tropic of Cancer at noon (23.5 degrees N.) Winter Solstice Dec. 21st; shortest daylight hours; over Tropic of capricorn at noon (23.5 degrees S.) eclipse shadow of moon or sun, being blocked by the other, on the earth's surface umbra full shadow penumbra partial shadow total eclipse all of sun/moon is eclipsed partial eclipse part of sun/moon is eclipsed tides caused by the moon pulling on the earth high tide time when ocean is closest to the shore low tide time when ocean is farthest from the shore Neap tide no real difference between high and low tides (moon, sun, and earth form a right angle) Spring tide time with greatest distance between high and low tides (moon, sun, and earth form a straight line) waning moon moon getting smaller waxing moon moon getting bigger order of plannets mercury; venus; earth; mars; jupiter; saturn; uranus; neptune