Modern World History Final Ch 16
Order by
79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nonagression pact | Germany (Hitler) and Russia (Stalin) agree not to declare war on each other. |
| nonagression pact 2 secret parts | Germany & Sov Union agreed to divide Poland & USSR could take over Finland & the Baltic countries of Lithuania, Latvia & Estonia |
| blitzkrieg & how it worked | "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939 using fast airplanes, suprise attacks & infantry attacks |
| Why did France & Gr Britain finally declare war | dfnq |
| What countries did Stalin take | Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia & Finalnd |
| What was special about the fighting in Findland | bad winter, soldiers on skiis attacked USSR troops who had trouble in the deep snow |
| Maginot Line | Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion. Stretched from Belgium to Switzerland. |
| Ardennes | heavily wooded area in northeastern France and Luxembourg that was used by the Germans to reach the northern coast of France |
| Charles DeGaulle | Leader (general) of the Free French resistance movement during WW2; post WW2 president of France. |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Britain during World War II; rallied the British people to resist Hitler and the Nazis |
| Battle of Britain | The massive air war against Great Britain by the Nazi war machine in Germany. Nearly nightly bombings occurred between summer of 1940 and summer of 1941 before German withdrew. Great Britain fought alone during this year and never gave up and won |
| Why did Mussolini attack the Suez Canal | it was key to accessing the oil fields of the Middle East |
| Why was Rommel sent to N Africa | Sent by Hitler to reinforce the Italian forces which cause the British to retreat |
| Rommel | Also known as the "Desert Fox" he was the the leader of the German African Corps. After being suspected of trying to kill Hitler, he commits suicide |
| Operation Barbarossa & the outcome | Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies |
| Siege of Leningrad | German forces surrounded this Russian city, cutting off supplies. About one million people died of starvation and cold weather |
| What does Hitler have in common with Napoleon | Both tried to fight the USSR in the winter and lost/retreated |
| Neutrality Acts & the US change in attitude towards WW2 | originally designed to avoid American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; they were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other Allied nations |
| Allied | the U.S.. the U.K., the Soviet Union, and their World War II allies. |
| Axis | Germany, Italy, Japan |
| Neutral countries in WW2 | sd |
| Admiral Yamamoto | Japans Greatest naval strategists, who called for the attack on Pearl Harbor. He also commanded the fleet that attacked Midway Island. |
| How did US try to resist Japan before entering the war | fdn |
| Pearl harbor | 7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft. American losses were 3000, Japanese losses less than 100. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World War II. |
| How did the Japanese treat conquered peoples | forced them to march & subjected them to terrible cruelties |
| Doolittle's Raid & why significant | Bombing of Tokyo and other Japanese cities that made a phsycological point to the the Americans & Japanese that Japan was vulnerable to attack |
| Battle of the Coral Sea | naval battle carried out by airplanes. stopped japanese advance toward Australia |
| Battle of Midway | U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. (p. 795) |
| Douglas MacAurthur | U.S. commander, carried out a plan calld island-hoppers. |
| Battle of Guadacanal | a six month fight and the Japanese losed 24,000 troops out of 36,000. and they went to the island which was called the Island of Death. |
| Holocaust | the organized killing of European Jews and others by the Nazis during WWII |
| The target groups of the Nazi party | Jews, Pols, non-aryan, homosexuals,mentally disabled |
| Final Solution | Germany's plan to execute mass numbers of jews during the final stage of the Holocaust. They were sent to extermination camps in which they would be slaughtered in mass numbers and was the most deadly stage of the Holocaust. |
| Kristallnacht | The name given to the night of violence on November 9, 1938, when Nazi storm troopers looted and destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues and arrested thousands of Jews in Germany and Austria |
| ghettos | sections of the city where all jews were forced to live, surrounded by walls |
| genocide | the systematic killing or extermination of an entire people or nation like the Jews |
| SS | Special Security: Enforced the law under Hitler a) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945): Leader of the SS b) Opposition arrested/killed (Night of the Long Knives, 1934 - wipe out political opposition) |
| concentration camps | prison camps established by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party for Jews and other political prisoners during the war |
| extermination camps | Nazi camps equipped with gassing facilities for mass murder of Jews |
| Dachau | A concentration camp in Germany. It was the model for all camps that followed it. |
| Auschwitz | * German jewish extermination camp * Largest one, part of nazis "final solution" * Where jews were mass murdered * Strong jews were killed as slave laborers * Women, kids & weak people were killed in gas chamber |
| How did the Jewish try to resist the Nazis | At Sobibor small groups of Jews revolted, killing guards & stole guns & grenades & broke out of the prison |
| death marches | Prisoners of Auschwitz and camps in Poland were fored to march to camps in the bitter cold of January 1945, one third of the prisoners died on these marches. |
| Outcome of the Holocaust | 6 million people died, some people escaped with help from non-Jewish people, hid in homes then escaped to neutral countries |
| Nuremburg Laws (list) | 9/1935: Nuremberg Laws passed against Jews: Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or kindred blood forbidden, Jews not allowed to employ female German citizens as domestic workers, Jews forbidden to display Reich and national flag, could only wear Jewish colors, |
| General Bernard Montgomery | British general who led a successful counter-campaign against General Rommel in North Africa |
| General Dwight D Eisenhower | Led the allied invasion of North Africa and planned and executed the D-Day invasion at Normandy and the battle of the budge |
| Operation Torch | this plan called for allied forces to invade the north african countries of morocco and algeria in , Rommel's Adrika Korps were caught between Montgomery's and Eisenhower's armies and crushed May 1943 |
| Battle of Stalingrad | a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union thanks to harsh winter --> turning point of war in Eastern Europe |
| Invasion of Italy | Allies decided to invade the island of sicily to gaine access to the Italian mainland (island hopping) June 1944 allies marched into rome and it became the 1st capital to fall. |
| Mussolini's fate | Mussolini was arrested by King Victor Emmanuell III, was put back in charge by the Germans, Italian resistance fighters found him hiding in a German truck, shot him and hung him |
| How did American's mobilize for war at home | they produced weapons and equipment, factories converted operations to produce machine guns & boots. Auto factories produced tanks |
| Japanese Internment | the forcible relocation and internment of approximately 110,000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans to housing facilities called "War Relocation Camps", in the wake of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor |
| relocation camps | special camps in the United States where Japanese Americans were detained after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. |
| D Day | June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. |
| D Day beaches by country | US-Utah beach & Omaha beach British-Gold beach, Juno beach Sword beach |
| Battle of the Bulge | Battle against the Germans which lasted from December 16, 1944, to January 28, 1945, was the largest land battle of WWII in which the USA participated. It was very costly in terms of both men and equipment. Hitler's last-ditch attempt to bring Germany back into winning the war had failed and Germany's final defeat was only months away. |
| Who liberated France | the Allies |
| Harry s Truman | became president after FDR died |
| How did Hitler die | suicide |
| Who accepted Germany's surrender | Eisenhower |
| Battle of Iwo Jima | U.S. vs. Japan. Fierce fighting, the Japanese refused to surrender, cost 6,000 American lives, nearly 21,000 Japanese died on the island |
| Battle of Okinawa | World War II battle between Japanese forces and invading US troops; fought on the island of Okinawa; over 100,000 Japanese troops were killed. |
| Battle of Leyte Gulf | 1944 World War II naval battle betweeen the United States and Japan. Largest naval engagement in history. Japaneze navy was defeated. |
| kamikazes | in World War II, Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their aircraft with bombs and crashed them into enemy ships |
| Manhattan Project | Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. |
| Who accepted Japan's surrender | General MacAurthur |
| How many people died in WWII | over 60 million |
| What did Japan look like after the war | major cities destroyed, Hiroshima & Nagasaki were blackened wastelands |
| Which country lost the most people | USSR |
| Which country paid the most money | USA |
| Nuremberg Trials & outcome | Series of trials in 1945 conducted by an International Military Tribunal in which former Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, Twenty-two Nazi leaders were tried for war crime and found legally responsible for their actions during wartime |
| Who was in charge of occupied Japan and why was he successful | MacAurthur, he was fair, disbanded the Japanese army, brought war criminals to trial, began process of creating a government |
| demilitarization | a reduction in a country's ability to wage war, achieved by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons. |
| democratization | the process of creating a government elected by the people. |
| What was the most important achievement of occupied Japan | New constitution/government |
| Japan's new government | 2 house parliment called the Diet, all citizens over 20 could vote, prime minister chosen by the majoriety of the Diet, constitutional bill of rights |
| Why did US and Japan become allies | US military provided military to protect the country of Japan |
| Yalta Conference | FDR, Churchill and Stalin Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War |
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