USMLE Respiratory Rx
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Diphenhydramine | 1st generation H1 blocker |
| Dimenhydrinate | 1st generation H1 blocker |
| Chlorpheniramine | 1st generation H1 blocker |
| Loratadine | 2nd generation H1 blocker |
| Fexfenadine | 2nd generation H1 blocker |
| Desloratadine | 2nd generation H1 blocker |
| Cetirizine | 2nd generation H1 blocker |
| Isoproterenol | Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta2) |
| Isoproterenol | Adverse effect is tachycardia (beta1) |
| Albuterol | Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta2). Use during acute exacerbation |
| Salmeterol | Long acting agent for asthma prophylaxis |
| Salmeterol | Tremor and arrhythmia |
| Theophylline (methylxanthines) | Inhibits phosphodiesterase, decreases cAMP hydrolysis -> bronchodilation |
| Theophylline (methylxanthines) | Narrow therapeutic index |
| Theophylline (methylxanthines) | Cardiotoxicity |
| Theophylline (methylxanthines) | Neurotoxicity |
| Theophylline (methylxanthines) | P-450 metabolism |
| Theophylline (methylxanthines) | Blocks actions of adenosine |
| Ipratropium | Muscarinic antagonist |
| Ipratropium | Competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction |
| Ipratropium | Used for asthma and COPD |
| Cromolyn | Prevents release of mediators from mast cells |
| Cromolyn | Effective only for the prophylaxis of asthma. Not effective during an acute attack. Toxicity rare. |
| Beclomethasone, prednisone (corticosteroids) | Inhibit cytokine synthesis |
| Beclomethasone, prednisone (corticosteroids) | Inactivates NF-kB (transcription factor for TNFa and other inflammatory agents) |
| Beclomethasone, prednisone (corticosteroids) | 1st line therapy for chronic asthma |
| Zileuton | 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor |
| Zileuton | Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes |
| Zafirlukast | Block leukotriene receptors |
| Zafirlukast | Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma |
| Montelukast | Block leukotriene receptors |
| Montelukast | Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma |
| Guaifenesin | Removes excess sputum but large doses necessary; does not suppress cough reflex |
| N-acetylcysteine | Mucolytic. Loosens plugs in CF. Antidote for acetominophen overdose. |
| Bosentan | Used to Tx PHTN. |
| Bosentan | Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance. |
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