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Core ERP components that focus on internal operations: 1.Human resource management, 2.production and material management, 3.Finance and accounting management. Activities performed by accounting and finance components Asset management, general ledger, account receivables, budget, assets, credit management. Activities performed by production and materials management components: Demand forecasting, product scheduling, job cost accounting, quality control. Activities performed by human resource components Payrolls, compensations, benefits, employee appraisals, tax information. data warehouses application software or technology for gathering, storing, providing access to analyze data in order to help users make business related decisions. Main goal for CRM increase loyalty and retention in customers. Supply chain management information flow in stages to maximize effectiveness and profitability. E-logistics In e-business, dealing with transportation and storage ERP benefits ntegrate financial info, integrate customer order info, stabilize and speed up manufacture processes, reduce inventory, and standardize human resource info. ERP costs Software exp, consulting fees, process re-work, customization integration and testing, training, and moving data. Business processes set of activities that accomplish a specific task Customer facing processes product or service received by external customer. Business facing processes goal setting, day to day planning, performance and rewards Process maps show inputs, tasks, and activities in a structured sequence. AS-IS and TO-BE Project temporary endeavor undertaken to produce a unique product or service. Includes Project management application of knowledge skills, tools and techniques to coordinate an effort Project triangle elements Cost Time Scope Project activities business case, analyze, commit to project, plan, control and execute, and finally close. Project deliverables measurable, verifiable, tangible outcome, result or item produced to complete a project or part of a project. Project scope the work that must be completed to deliver a product with the specified features and function, includes: products, objectives, deliverables and exclusions PERT chart(program evaluation and review technique) graph network that shows tasks and relationship between the tasks. Includes deliverables and critical path Gantt chart simple bar graph that depicts project task against calendar *Tasks on vertical / Time Frame on Horizontal Task dependency relationships between tasks and goals Critical path start to finish path that passes through all tasks critical to project in shortest about on time. Project risk uncertain event or condition when occurs has positive or negative on the project outcome. SMART criteria for project goals S-specific M-measureable A-agreed on R-realistic T-time framed Characteristics of a well-defined project easy to read and understand, communicate all key participants, appropriate to projects size, complexity, and criticality, prepared by the team rather then by the project manager. The most important being communication. Input devices capture info and commands. Ex: keyboard, joystick, and microphone. Output devices accept results of processes, see, hear, and deliver results of processes. Ex : printers and monitors. types of storage devices Primary: RAM, ROM, and cache memory. Secondary: CD's, floppy, DVD, and flash drive. Holds large amount for a long time. CPU (central processing unit) or microprocessor- interprets and executes the program(software) instructions and coordinates how all other hardware work together. Telecommunications devices Dial-up access, cable, digital subscriber line, wireless, and satellite. Operating system software controls the application software and manages how the hardware devices work together. Utility software- are like disk optimization, disk image , spyware, text protection, and file recovery. Application software browser, communication, data management and desktop publishing, etc. RAM systems primary memory which program instructions and data are stored for immediate access from the CPU by the processors high speed external bus volatility and cache. Arithmetic/logic unit performs all arithmetic operations and logic operations of sorting and comparing numbers.( one primary part of a CPU) Control unit interpret software instructions and tells other hardware devices what to do (one primary part of a CPU) PDAs hand-held, write on to take notes, schedule appointments, etc Notebook (laptop) computers just like a desktop but small like a textbook Tablet computers touch screen, writing or drawing pad Desktop computers 2 part computer ( modem and tower) plugs into wall Mainframe computers large expensive computer process info for millions of users Back-up copy of one or more files in case original is destroyed Recovery copy files from the back up to the original storage medium or its replacement. Types of back up/recovery media, etc- disks, zip drive, floppy, flash drives, etc. *selective backup which is only important data Common input devices mentioned in the text: mouse, keyboard, and scanner Common output devices mentioned in the text: printer, monitor, and copier Common storage devices mentioned in the text: cd's floppy, and removable disk Local area network a computer network covering a small physical area, like a home, office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport. Characteristics of ......... include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic place, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines. Wide area network a computer network that covers a broad area i.e., any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries........... are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together, so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations. Metropolitan area network large computer networks usually spanning a city. They typically use wireless infrastructure or Optical fiber connections to link their sites. Larger then LAN but smaller then WAN. Topology the physical interconnections of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network . Geometric arrangements. Main 5: Ring, Star, Bus, Hybrid and Wireless. Bandwidth is a measure of available or consumed data communication resources expressed in bit/s or multiples of it (Kbit/s, Mbit/s) Protocol a set of rules which is used by computers to communicate with each other across a network. In its simplest form, a ******* can be defined as the rules governing the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication.** "Talking in the same language" Modem is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. Router a networking device that examines data it receives and decides which way to send it towards destination. TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery of a stream of bytes from a program on one computer to another program on another computer. **Same amount received as amount that was transmitted. IP the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering distinguished protocol data-grams (packets) from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses. **"Acts a postmaster." Peer-to-peer network is composed of participants that make a portion of their resources such as processing power, disk storage or network bandwidth, directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination instances such as servers or stable hosts. network access methods 1.) Ethernet: physical and data tech for LAN 2.) TCP/IP-provides the technical foundation for the public an large number of private networks. applications included in the TCP/IP suite FTP, SMTP, telenet, HTTP, and SNTP. intranet a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol technologies to securely share any part of an organization's information or operational systems within that organization. The term is used in contrast to internet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. Extranet a private network that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity. An ......... can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company, usually via the Internet ISP internet service provider: company that gives the access to the internet bright house Project management institute- advocate for MIS profession PMI Pem-bok comes from project management institute EVM - earned value management measure the progress it takes a look at where you are vs. where you should be. Time it takes vs actual time Project plan Conducting this helps ID work needed in project. #1 activity # 2 budget is important Two main organizational uses of information support operations and decision making. What good decision making requires good info, good processes, tools and skills How decisions change as you move "up the ladder" in an organization become more difficult and more impactful. What disciplined decision making provides 1.) Structure for examining complex problems 2.) Consistency- continually making good decisions with familiar decisions. 3.) Transparent rationale-oblivious why they make decisions 4.) Documentation- assumptions and criteria, to be repeatable and revisable, easy to understand. Eight steps in decision making process 1.) Define problems 2.) State requirements to fix problem 3.) Goals 4.) Alternatives 5.) Evaluate 6.) What decision tools to use 7.) Apply tool to select test alternatives 8.) Check to see if problem was solved. How goals and requirements differ Goals are wants, while requirements are needs How criteria are related to goals discriminates amoung alternatives using goals Four decision making techniques 1.) Pros vs. Cons- for simple decisions 2.) Cost/benefit 3.) Paired comparison-l 4.) Scenario analysis steps of work breakdown structure 1.) divide the project into task and activities 2.) id major task 3.) Chop up task into subtask, where they are well defined and can be estimated and defined. 4.) id task dependencies - what needs to get done to complete another, 5.) assign responsibility for subtask 6.) measure results based on completion of the task business case conducting this provides management with info for making an informed decision. Components of a business case costs, benefits, feasibility, risk , and organizational value. Steps in the business case development process: 1.) Define measurable org value 2.) ID alternatives 3.) Access feasibility 4.) Access risk 5.) Total cost of ownership 6.) Total benefit of ownership 7.) Compare alternatives 8.) Make recommendations Types of feasibilities • economic • technical • organizational • legal • ethical Costs included in total cost benefit • direct • indirect • ongoing Major decision making techniques Pro/cons analysis , Cost/benefit analysis, • Paired comparisons,• Scenario analysis Pro/cons analysis lists the good and bad about each alternative Scenario analysis analysis possible future events by comparing furure alternative outcomes. Paired comparisons decision making by choosing the alternative that consistently stands out against all others. Cost/benefit analysis determines the probable benefits of each alternative and weigh against the probable costs. e-procurement in e-business, business to business purchase or sale of supplies/services over the internet scalability ability to adapt to an increase in demand reliability ability to be consistently correct availability ability to connect performance how quickly bus all devices are connected to a central cable, call this, or backbones star all devices are connected to a central device, called a hub ring all devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop wireless all devices are connected by a receiver/transmitter to a special network interface card that transmits signals betw. a computer and a server transparent rationale being oblivious as to why one makes decisions consistency continually making good decisions with familiar ones documentation assumptions and criteria to be repeatable and reversable/ easy to understand Two network access methods IP and TCP IP & TCP these two provide the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private networks