faith final-notes
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Created by:
12hcalhoun on May 29, 2010
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151 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 albigensianism | all material things are bad (including human bodies), promoted suicide |
| arianism | denies Jesus' divinity, God could never be human |
| donatism | no forgiveness for those who denied the church, the validity of the sacrament is based on the priest's worthiness |
| humanism | a belief that deifies humans, making human life more fulfilling |
| lay investiture | lay leaders choosing the leadership of the Church |
| manichaeism | one god created good, one god created evil, no one is responsible for sins |
| pelagianism | can get to heaven without God's grace |
| simony | buying or selling of spiritual goods |
| Sola Scriptura | the bible is the only source of faith |
| doctrine of incarnation | Jesus is both human and divine |
| ecumanism | aims for religious unity worldwide |
| monasticism | movement of men and women away from the world to pursue holiness |
| original sin | our ability to sin |
| Rerum Novarum | "On the Conditions of the Workers", stressed social justice for the workers |
| transubstantiation | bread and wine at mass are changed to the body and blood of Christ |
| apostacy | a total rejection of the Catholic faith by a believer |
| feudalism | no strong loyalty to a country |
| iconoclasm | believes devotion to icons was idolatry and destroys icons |
| materialism | physical world = reality; spiritual existence = illusion |
| schism | a refusal to submit to the pope's authority |
| divination | seeks to unveil what God wants hidden |
| vulgarity | tasteless, coarse behavior or language |
| blasphemy | speaking hateful words against God |
| incredulity | neglects or willfully refuses revealed truth |
| covenant | the strongest possible pledge between two parties |
| charity | the "mother of all virtues" |
| swearing | false promises, cursing, or frivolous use of God's name |
| faith | virtue that empowers us to believe in God |
| obscenity | indecent, lewd, offensive language, behavior |
| sacrilege | profane or unworthy treatment of holy things |
| hope | gives us confidence that God keeps his promises |
| cussing | informal word that means same as cursing |
| idolatry | worship of false gods |
| heresy | outright denial of an essential truth of the Christian faith |
| liturgy | "the work of the people" |
| Sanhedrin | supreme council of the Jews |
| Messiah | One expected by the Jews to free them |
| Jerusalem | place where the Jewish Temple was located |
| Resurrection | the most important event of Church history |
| Rome | place where Peter and Paul are thought to have died |
| apostles | followers most closely associated with Jesus |
| Stephen | first Christian martyr, patron saint of deacons |
| Peter | name means "rock" |
| Episkopos | "overseer", bishop |
| Kerygma | preaching to unbelievers |
| Diakonos | "servant", deacon |
| Presbyteros | "elder", priest |
| Ignatius of Antioch | first to refer to the Church as Catholic |
| Didache | "teaching" |
| Diocletian | roman emperor most famous for his persecutions of the Christians |
| Nicene Creede | states that Jesus is one with God |
| Byzantium | original name of Constantinople |
| apologist | defender of the faith |
| Edict of Milan | document which made Christianity legal |
| Theodosius | made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire |
| Justin Martyr | famed apologist |
| gnosticism | belief that all material things were evil, "secret knowledge" |
| canon | an officially authorized list/rule/standard |
| apostates | people who renounce their faith |
| Athanasius | argued against arianism--which got him exiled |
| ecumenical | "worldwide" |
| Nicaea | where Arius is first declared wrong |
| Constantine | claimed a military victory in the name of Christ |
| Jerome | 4th century monk who translated the Bible into Latin |
| Ambrose | refused to offer mass for the Emperor Theodosius because he slaughtered out of revenge, taught Augustine |
| Augustine | great theologian who wrote The City of God, great missionary of Great Britain |
| Latin Vulgate | the title of the translation of the Bible into Latin |
| Basil | began Communal Monasticism--emphasized simple living |
| Attila the Hun | barbarian leader who terrified the western world |
| Antony of Egypt | famous monk who pioneered being a hermit |
| contemplation | being silenty present/attentive to God |
| Pontifex Maximus | highest priest, Leo the Great was the first |
| Chalcedon | council that established that Jesus had two natures |
| Leo the Great | shaped the role of the papacy into one of worldly leadership |
| Justinian | the last strong emperor of the Eastern Empire |
| Justinian Code | a collection of laws created in the 500s which later became the basis for all European law |
| Christendom | Christianity as the dominant force in society |
| Brigid | founder of the only monastery for men and women |
| Kildare | the only monastery created for men and women |
| Benedict | the Father of Western Monasticism |
| Rule of St. Benedict | became the basic guide for religious life |
| Ora et Labora | "prayer and work" |
| Gregory the Great | pope of the late 500s who made many reforms |
| Muhammed | Arab prophet who founded Islam |
| Islam | "submission to God" |
| St. Patrick | brings Christianity to Ireland |
| Scholastica | Benedict's sister, converts the Goths and Romans |
| Gregorian chant | Gregy the Great works to improve mass- esp music |
| Boniface | apostle to Germans, crowns Pepin king |
| Pepin | donates papal states to the Church |
| Venerable Bede | wrote A History of the English Church and People |
| Charlemagne | french for Charles the Great, forced conversion to strengthen kingdom, changed the mass to Latin |
| Pope Leo III | crowns Charlemagne "Emperor of the Romans" |
| Vikings | "sea rovers", men from the north, destroy libraries |
| Ansgar | bishop, one of the leading missionaries to the Vikins |
| Slavic people | ancestors of Czechs, Slovaks, Croatians, Serbians, Poles, etc |
| Cyril and Methodius | most famous Slavic missionaries, developed Slavic alphabet--Cyrillic alphabet |
| Pope John XII | worst pope ever |
| Michael Cerularius | Patriarch of Constantinople, upset of Rome having too much power |
| Pope Gregory VII | fights against lay investiture |
| Pope Urban II | starts the Crusades to get Holy Lands back from Muslims |
| Pope Innocent III | most powerful medieval pope, centralized power of pope |
| College of Cardinals | established to elect popes |
| Pope Gregory IX | initiates the Papal Inquisition to try to fight against heresies |
| Franciscans | formed by St. Francis of Assisi, preached and served |
| Dominicans | formed by St. Dominic de Guzman, preached and served |
| Poor Clares | formed by Care of Assisi, female version of Franciscans |
| St. Bonaventure | famous Franciscan scholar |
| Thomas Aquinas | famous Dominican scholar, nicknamed "Dumb Ox", taught God's revelation is NOT contrary to reason |
| Summa Theologiae | written by Thomas Aquinas |
| Hundred Years War | English and French fighting |
| Black Death | Bubonic plague, wiped out 1/3 of Europe, led to shortage of priests |
| Avignon Papacy | French king is powerful and tries to fight against Church and pope, for next 70 years the next 7 popes are French and live in France |
| St. Catherine of Siena | one of only women doctors of the Church |
| Great Papal Schism | confusion on who is pope, 3 popes at one time! |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | start the Spanish Inquisition, targeting Jews and Muslims who had converted to Christianity who they suspected of heresy |
| Johannes Gutenberg | invents the printing press, first book printed is Bible |
| Thomas a Kempis | Augustinian monk who wrote the Imitation of Christ |
| Istanbul | Turks destroy Constantinople and rename it |
| Orthodox Church | Greek Christian religion evolves in Moscow Russia |
| Renaissance | rebirth |
| John Wycliff | England protestant, believes bible is SOLE source of belief, denies Church tradition and transubstantiation |
| Martin Luther | Germany protestant, creates Ninety-Five Theses, limited sacraments to 3: baptism, Eucharist, penance |
| John Calvin | France/Switzerland protestant, taught predestination, no free will |
| King Henry VII | starts the Anglican Church, given title "Defender of the Faith" |
| Jesuits | formed by St. Ignatius of Loyola |
| Council of Trent | Church's response to the split of Catholics and Proestants |
| Breviary | book of official daily prayers for priests |
| Teresa of Avila | Spain, wrote The Interior Castle |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | one of the Indians main defenders |
| Francis Xavier | a Spanish Jesuit, missionary to India then Japan |
| Robert de Nobili | Jesuit who carried on the work in India |
| Pope Leo XIII | wrote Rerum Novarum, just wages, dignity of the human person |
| Pope Benedict XV | gave away so much money to help the suffering people of WWI and WWII |
| Pope John XXIII | called for the Vatican II |
| Vatican II | ecumenical council for renewal and reform, liturgical reforms and ecumenical reforms |
| liturgical reforms | mass in the language of the people |
| ecumenical reforms | communicating with other faiths |
| John Paul II | works towards reuniting Christianity and defeating Communism |
| Benedict XVI | present day pope |
| 70 A.D. | destruction of temple (date) |
| 313 A.D. | Edict of Milan (date) |
| 325 A.D. | Council of Nicea (date) |
| 1054 A.D. | SCHISM, East and West split (date) |
| 1530 A.D. | beginning of protestant churches and Jesuits formed (date) |
| voluntary doubt | the decision to ignore or refusal to believe what God has revealed or what the Church teaches |
| St. Angela | Who was born in Desenzano, Italy on March 21, 1474, became a Franciscan, was struck blind |
| Matthew | gospel writer who tried to show that Jesus, the Messiah, fulfilled the hopes and prophecies of the Jewish tradition, written for a Jewish and Gentile community-probably Antioch |
| Mark | first gospel to be written, source document for the next 2 gospels, directed particularly to Gentiles who had become Christians |
| Luke | gospel writer, probably a gentile and a doctor, companion of Paul, tried to get readers to understand Jesus came to save EVERYONE |
| John | considered last gospel to be written, based on an apostles teachings and put into words by a follower, tried to help readers believe Jesus as divine and God-made-flesh |
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