| Term | Definition |
|---|
| mouth | entrance of digestive system |
| pharynx | found in the back of the throat, used for digestion and respiration |
| epiglottis | small flap that closes entrance to trachea during digestion |
| esophagus | muscular tube that carries bolus from mouth to stomach |
| cardiac sphincter | muscle between the esophagus and stomach, prevents acidic gastric juices from flowing up into esophagus |
| stomach | the organ that releases acidic material to break down the food into smaller pieces |
| pyloric sphincter | muscle that allows food from stomach to pass into the small intestines |
| small intestines | majority of digestion takes place in here, divided into three parts |
| duodenum | first part of small intestines, most digestion takes place, chemicals released from liver, gall bladder, and pancreas |
| jejunum | second part of small intestines, absorbs nutrients from digested food |
| ileum | last part of small intestines, absorbs enzymes and anything left over by jejunum |
| ileocecal sphincter | muscle between small and large intestines, regulates flow of chyme |
| large intestines | receives and eliminates waste products from small intestines, absorbs water from remaining bolus |
| rectum | muscle after the large intestines, temporary storage for feces |
| anus | end of digestive tract, opening where feces are expelled |
| peristalsis | the method used in the esophagus and small intestines to move bolus through |
| pepsinogen and HCl | two main chemicals released in stomach |
| liver | organ that releases bile |
| emulsification | process in which bile breaks down fat |
| pancreas | organ that contains majority of digestive enzymes |
| gall bladder | organ that stores bile |
| capillaries | very small blood vessels that absorb nutrients |
| hepatic portal system | brings blood from digestive system to liver for processing |
| pepsinogen | released in stomach, reacts with HCl to create pepsin |
| lipase | enzyme that breaks down lipids |
| salivary amylase | released in mouth, breaks down food with teeth (mechanical digestion) |
| pancreatic amylase | enzyme from pancreas that breaks down starch |
| nuclease | enzyme that breaks down nucleotides |
| trypsin | enzyme that breaks down proteins |
| chymotrypsin | enzyme that breaks down peptide bonds, mostly inactive |
| maltase | enzyme that breaks down maltose |
| sucrase | enzyme that breaks down monosaccharides |
| lactase | enzyme that breaks down lactose |
| peptidase | enzyme that breaks down specific peptide bonds |
| feces | waste product, mostly cellulose, e. coli, water, and bilirubin |
| ruminates | food that is regurgitated for more mechanical digestion (common for cows, rabbits, etc.) |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace