Unit 9- Population Ecology
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Created by:
MuzikLuver95 on May 31, 2010
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ecology | study of interations between prganisms and their environment |
| hierarchy of interations | biosphere -> ecosystem ->community -> population -> organism |
| biosphere | the global system (earth) |
| ecosystem | all biotic and abiotic factors in a region |
| community | all organisms in the same region |
| population | all organisms of the same species in the same region |
| organism | single living thing |
| population ecology | concentrates on factors that affect population density and growth |
| census | individuals in a specific area are counted |
| mark-recapture method | individuals are captured, marked, set free then they capture some of the marked organisms and unmarked individuals |
| pattersn of dispersion | way individuals are spaced in a habitat |
| clumped pattern | individuals are aggregated into patches. cause by unequal distribution of resources |
| uniform pattern | individuals spread out evenly. causes from interactions from individuals |
| random dispersion | individuals spaced in a patternless unpredictable way |
| populations dynamics | factors that change a population over time |
| birth rate | number of births over time |
| death rate | number of deaths over time |
| life expectancy | average lifespan of individuals in a population |
| age structure | proportion of individuals in different age groups |
| growth of a population | number of births - (minus) number of deaths |
| growth rate | change in population size over time |
| expotential growth | population size multiplies by a constant factor each generation; depends on size of population; occurs in ideal regulated conditions |
| logistic growth model | population growth is slowed by limiting factors |
| carry capacity | number of indiviudals in a population that the environment can support |
| density dependent factors | effects intensify as population size increases |
| intraspecific competition | competition between individuals for resources |
| density independent factors | intensity is unrelated to population size |
| environmental factors | these factors effect the availability of resources |
| crash and boom | populations experience periods of rapid growth alternating with periods of decline (ex: predator-prey interactions, life cycle of individuals in the population, and variations in food supply) |
| exponential growth | the growth pattern in human populations (causes: inventions of tools to control or eliminate predators, advances in medical techonology, totalitarian agriculture [able to feed everyone]) |
| non-native species | species that are not indigenous to the area |
| producers | if you remove this from a habitat, this reduced the primary productivity and may lead to increased CO2 levels |
| predators | if you remove this from a habitat, prey populations expands and exeeds carrying capacity |
| decomposers | if you remove this from a habitat, nutrients are not restored in soils and directly affect the producers |
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