Holt Rinehart and Winston Chapter 10 Biology
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil | Nucleotide bases in DNA/RNA, A binds with T/U, and G binds with C |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule |
| Helicase | an enzyme that separates DNA strands |
| Mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| Pyrimidine | single-ring nitrogenous base, found in DNA and RNA; either cytosine, thymine, or uracil |
| Purines | nitrogeneous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms such as adenine and guanine |
| Replication Fork | a Y-shaped point that results when a double helix of DNA separates so that it can be copied |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome |
| Promoter | region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
| Ribose | a five-carbon sugar present in RNA |
| Deoxyribose | a five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
| RNA polymerase | transcription enzyme that links RNA nucleotides together |
| Termination Signal | a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene. |
| Codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
| Anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| Genetic Code | the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells |
| Start/Stop Codon | A codon that either starts or stops the transcription process |
| Translation | decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
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