PEDIATRICS
About this set
Created by:
mariapackwood172 on June 1, 2010
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
109 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the name for the area that deals with children? | Pediatrics |
| What is the name for the doctor who practices in this field? | Pediatrician |
| What is a "neonate"? | It is another name for a newborn up to 30 days of age (1 month). |
| When does the anterior fontanel (also called the teeth holes) close? | 12-18 months |
| When does the posterior fontanel close? | 2-3 months |
| When doe the first two lower central incisor teeth appear? | 6-7 months |
| When does colic disappear? | 3 months |
| What would you tell the parents of a child that has colic? | It is just a temporary condition and Rock the baby to comfort it. |
| How is SIDS best prevented? | Place the baby to sleep on its sides or on back with head flat. Do not position baby on abdomen until 6 months old. |
| What is "family centered care"? | The entire family is included in the care of the infant or child. |
| What are the factors that influence a child's growth and development? | Heredity and environment |
| What is "Development"? | It is a progressive increase in skills and capacity to function. |
| What is "Growth"? | It is defined as a change in body size and structure. |
| When does a baby develop a social smile? | At 3 months. |
| When does a child start to roll over? | 6 months. |
| At what age is it okay to give up the bottle? | After 1 year of age. |
| At what age does a child start to assert independence and have no concept of sharing? | 18 months |
| What is the best way to take the pulse of a child under 2 years of age? | Apical pulse |
| What is the normal pulse rate for an infant? | 80-180 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a toddler? | 80-140 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a preschooler? | 70-115 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a school-age child? | 65-110 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for an adolescent? | 60-90 bpm |
| What is the normal respiration rate for an infant? | 30-60 |
| What is the normal respiration rate for a toddler? | 20-30 |
| What is the normal respiration rate for a preschooler? | 20-25 |
| What is the normal respiration rate for a school-aged child? | 17-22 |
| What is the normal respiration rate for an adolescent? | 15-20 |
| What is normal blood pressure for an infant? | Systolic 74-100; Diastolic 50-70 |
| What is normal blood pressure for a toddler? | Systolic 80-112; Diastolic 50-80 |
| What is normal blood pressure for a preschooler? | Systolic 82-110; Diastolic 50-78 |
| What is normal blood pressure for a school-age child? | Systolic 84-120; Diastolic 54-80 |
| What is normal blood pressure for an adolescent? | Systolic 94-140; Diastolic 62-88 |
| How many vocabulary words does a 1-year-old have? | 20-30 words |
| How many vocabulary words does a 2-year-old have? | 300-350 words |
| What is the most therapeutic activity for a child? | Play |
| What is a common in a 6-year-old child? | Thinks he or she is most important person in the world. |
| What approach should be taken to manage behavior of a young school-age child? | Be consistent and firm about established rules |
| What causes behavior problems? | Inability of the child to establish healthy relationships with others. |
| What are some behaviors seen in autism? | Echolalia, avoidance of meaningful social interactions, no eye contact, rocking, spinning, twirling, fascination with shiny or spinning objects, poor or no speech. |
| What is the number one cause of harm/death in children ages 1-14? | Accidents cause more harm, injuries and deaths than diseases. |
| What does Lead poisoning (Plumbing) cause? | Causes irreversible damage to the CNS and mental retardation. |
| What are common diseases in childhood? | Communicable diseases |
| What is a serious complication caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae? | Congestive Heart Failure |
| What is the most important nursing intervention for a patient in the ER who has S/S of tetanus? | Maintain a patent airway |
| Before giving immunizations, what assessments should be made? | That the child is not allergic to the immunization and that child is healthy and well. |
| Which vaccination is given before traveling to another country? | Smallpox |
| What is a complication of Pertussis (whooping cough)? | Pneumonia |
| At what age is Diptheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) given? | 2-3 months. |
| What is associated with Rubeola (measles)? | Koplik's spots |
| How many days before the rash from Rubeola disappears? | 7-14 days |
| What may happen to a male adolescent who contracts Mumps? | Orchiditis (inflammation of the testicles) that may lead to sterility. |
| For the general public, what is a complication of Mumps? | Encephalitis |
| What may happen if a pregnant woman is exposed to Rubella virus (German measles)? | Serious defects/deformities in the developing fetus along with mental retardation. |
| How many days does it take for the rash from Rubella to disappear? | 3 days |
| If a patient has already had chicken pox (Varicella) in childhood, the next time he/she is exposed to the virus, (especially if they become immuno-compromised), what may be seen? | Shingles (Herpes zoster) |
| What is the DOC (drug of choice) for Varicella (chicken pox), Herpes zoster? | acyclovir (Zovirax) |
| What common medication should be avoided when a child has a viral infection like chicken pox? | A.S.A. (aspirin) due to its association with Reye's Syndrome. Do not give aspirin products, only acetaminophen (Tylenol). |
| What is an early symptom of Reyes Syndrome? | Nausea and vomiting |
| What is another term for poliomyelitis? | Infantile paralysis |
| What is the complication of polio? | Can cause temporary or permanent paralysis and respiratory arrest. |
| What is the complication of Strep throat if untreated? | Rheumatic heart fever |
| What is the DOC for Strep throat? | Penicillin |
| What is a complication of Rheumatic Fever? | Polyarthritis |
| What could happen if Rheumatic Fever or Strep throat is untreated? | Rheumatic carditis |
| When is tape placed over the anus of a child to detect pinworm infestation? | Early in the morning |
| How is the prognosis determines for a patient that is burned? | Prognosis is based on percentage of damage from burns on body surface |
| When rescuing a child from drowning, what should be done? | C.P.R. |
| What are some signs of child abuse? | Fractures, old healed fractures, contusions (bruises) in areas that do not typically get bruised, "raccoon's eyes", Failure to thrive, withdrawn behavior, child is not comfortable with adults. |
| Who are the most common abusers of children? | Men |
| What approach should be taken when working with a child where abuse is suspected? | Believe the child; observe for signs of physical abuse. |
| What is often seen in children who are institutionalized? | Signs of retardation (acquired retardation) from lack of stimulation. |
| What are some causes of clubfoot? | Hereditary factors; crowding in the womb; abnormal placement of the fetal foot |
| What is the treatment for Hydrocephalus? | Surgical implantation of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt to drain CSF (cerebro-spinal fluid) from the cranium into the peritoneal cavity where it is absorbed. |
| What is cranial stenosis? | Premature closing of the fontanels; the head is too small for the brain to grow and develop. |
| What is Celiac disease? | Malabsorption of nutrients; must have a gluten free diet. |
| Which foods are excluded in Celiac disease? | Food/s that are made from or contain: Wheat, Barley, Oats |
| What is Ricketts? | A bone disease caused by a deficiency in vitamin D and a faulty absorption of calcium and phosphorous. |
| Which vitamin is necessary to absorb iron? | Vitamin C. |
| What is Cystic Fibrosis? | An inherited genetic disorder characterized by malabsorption of nutrients especially fats due to a lack of pancreatic enzymes. The fat is undigested and passes out in foul smelling stools that float. |
| What is pyloric stenosis? | It is a disease in which the sphincter between the stomach and duodenum thickens making it difficult for food to pass through. |
| What is Otitis media and how is it treated? | A very commonly occurring infection of the middle ear that is easily treated with antibiotics. |
| What sign/symptom indicates a serious adverse effect of a tonsillectomy? | Frequent repeated swallowing may be indicative of hemorrhaging following a tonsillectomy. |
| What are different types of "restraints" used for infants and children? | Bubbletops on cribs; wrist/ankle restraints; arm boards, mummy board, papoose board |
| Can restraints be used for the convenience of the nurse? | No |
| What is important to assess prior to surgery? | Assess overall health, if child has a cough, fever, runny nose. |
| When a hospitalized child begins to wet his/her pants or bed, what does this mean? | They are regressing r/t the stress of illness and separation from parents. |
| When providing post-operative care for an infant or child recovering from cleft lip and palate repair, what is an important goal of the care? | Do not allow the child to cry after surgery or sutures will come undone. |
| What are problems associated with cleft lip and/or cleft palate? | Problems with feeding, speech and hearing. |
| What is "Dental malocclusion"? | Irregular tooth placement - can make chewing difficult. |
| What is the first sign of respiratory distress? | Restlessness |
| What is the most important nursing intervention when caring for a child with "croup"? | Assessment and frequent reassessment of respiratory status. |
| What is a negative outcome of "sickling" of red blood cells in Sickle cell anemia? | The sickle shaped cells do not carry sufficient O2 leading to hypoxia. |
| How is a "Crisis" managed in sickle cell anemia? | Pain medication and plenty of fluids; in serious situations, a blood transfusion is required. |
| What are the common s/s of leukemia? | Fatigue and frequent nosebleeds. |
| What are the s/s of Mononucleosis? | Fever, malaise, chills, and sometimes a H/A |
| What is the treatment for acne vulgaris? | Retinoid therapy (accutane/Retin-A) |
| When is appendicitis common? | In adolescence. |
| What causes "athlete's foot" (Tinea Pedis)? | Fungal infection. |
| What is another name for "hunchback"? | Kyphosis. |
| What is "Mittleschmerz"? | Dysmenorrhea or middle pain during ovulation and in between periods. |
| What causes constipation and what is the treatment approach? | Stress, improper diet, not enough exercise. Include fiber, fluids and exercise, stress. |
| What causes Diabetes Mellitus in children? | It is often related to a viral infection that kills the beta cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. |
| If the nurse is unsure whether the patient is in hypo- or hyperglycemia, what should be given? | Sugar, juice, candy. |
| Which type of diabetes does NOT get an oral hyperglycemia agent? | Diabetes Mellitus Type I, Juvenile onset; Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) |
| What does Micropathic diabetes affect? | Peripheral nerves. |
| What does Macropathic diabetes affect? | Increases cholesterol and triglyceride levels leading to CVD & problems of heart, kidney & retina |
| What is the classification of aminophylline? | Bronchodilator. |
| What is the classification of digoxin (Lanoxin)? | Cardiotonic. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.