1.
Acoelomates: no body cavity
2.
Animal Characteristics: movement, no cell wall, nervous tissue, muscle tissue, respiration, must eat, excretion, circulation
3.
Annelids: worms with segmented bodies, true coelom that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm (earthworms)
4.
Anus: Opening through which wastes leave the digestive tract
5.
Archaeocytes: specialized cells that move around within the walls of the sponge
6.
Ascaris worms: spread by eating unwashed vegetables, eggs hatch in small intestines, young worms burrow into walls of small intestines and enter blood vessels where they mature, travel to lungs where they are coughed up, swallowed into stomach, reproduce in small intestines, eggs pass out with feces
7.
Bilateral Symmetry: only one imaginary plane can divide the body into to two equal halves
8.
Blastula: Hollow ball of cells
9.
Blood fluke: Class Trematoda, parasite
10.
Cephalization: concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front end of the body
11.
Choanocytes: spevialized cells that use flagella to move a steady current of water through the sponge
12.
Clitellum: band of thickened, specialized segments, secretes a mucus ring into which eggs and sperm are released
13.
Closed Circulatory system: blood is contained within a network of blood vessels
14.
Cnidarians: soft-bodied, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circels around their mouths
15.
Coelom: fluid filled body cavity that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm
16.
Crop: where food is stored in annelids
17.
Deuterostome: Animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore
18.
Earthworms: Class Oligochaetes, live in freshwater or soil
19.
Ectoderm: outermost germ layer, develops into sense organs, nerves, and skin
20.
Endoderm: innermost germ layer, develops into linings of the digestive tract and respiratory system
21.
Esophagus: connects mouth to stomach
22.
Examples of Cnidarians: Jellyfishes, hydras, sea anemones, corals
23.
External Fertilization: sperm and egg are fertilized outside the body
24.
Eyespot: group of cells that can detect changes in the amount of light in their environment
25.
Filarial worms: transmitted from one host to another through biting insects, worms block passage of fluid within lymph nodes causing elephantiasis
26.
Fission: asexual reproduction in flatworms, organism splits in two and each half grows new parts to become two new complete organisms
27.
Flame cells: specialized cells that remove excess water from the body, also filter and remove metabolic wastes
28.
Flukes: parasitic flatworms, most infect the internal organs of their host
29.
Foot: muscular part of Mullusca
30.
Ganglia: groups of nerve cells that control the nervous system in Phylum Platyhelminthes
31.
Gastrovascular cavity: digestive chamber with one opening
32.
Gastrula: Formation of achentron
33.
Gemmules: group of achaecytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules
34.
Gizzard: where food is ground into smaller pieces
35.
Hermaphrodite: individual that has both male and female reproductive organs (Platyhelminthes)
36.
Hookworms: infects 25% of world population, eggs hatch outside of the body and develop within soil, find an unprotected foot and use sharp teeth to burrow into skin and enter bloodstream, travel to lungs are coughed up and swallowed, feed and reproduce in intestines, eggs pass out with feces
37.
Hydrostatic Skeleton: consists of a layer of circular muscles and a layer of lonitudinal muscles that together with the water in the gastrovascualar cavity enable the cnidarian to move
38.
Intermediate host: parasite reporduces asexually in this host
39.
Internal Fertilization: sperm and egg are fertilized inside the body
40.
Intestines: absorbs nutrients, chemically digests food
41.
Invertebrate: Animals that have no backbone
42.
Larva: immature stage of an organism that looks different from the adult form
43.
Leeches: Class Hirudinea, typically external parasites that suck the bood and body fluids of their host
44.
Mantle: thin layer of tissue, surrounding the organs
45.
Medusa: motile, bell-shaped body with the mouth at the bottom
46.
Mesoderm: middle germ layer, creates most muscles and circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems
47.
Morula: Solid ball of cells
48.
Nematocyst: poison filled, stinging structure that contains a tightly coiled dart
49.
Nephridia: excretory organs that filter fluid in the coelom
50.
Nerve net: loosely organized network of nerve cells that together allow cnidarians to detect the touch of foreign objects
51.
Octopus: have tentacles, feed with beak, closed circualtion, no or internal shell (Class Cephalopods)
52.
Osculum: a large hole at the top of the sponge where water leaves
53.
Oyster: Class Bivalvia, filter feeders, open circulation, 2 shells
54.
Pharynx: used to eat, extended from the mouth and pumps food into the digestive cavity (flatworms)
55.
Phylum Mollusca: soft-bodied animals that usually have an internal or external shell
56.
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms
57.
Planaria: Class Turbellaria, free living
58.
Polychaetes: Class Polychaeta, are marine annelids that have paired, paddlelike appendages tipped with setae
59.
Polyp: a cylindrical body with armlike tentacles
60.
Primary host: parasite reproduces sexually in this type of host
61.
Proglottids: segments that make up most of the tapeworms body
62.
Protosome: Animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
63.
Pseudocoelom: "false coelom" body cavity lined with endoderm and mesoderm
64.
Radial Symmetry: any number of imaginary planes can be drawn through the center, dividing the body into equal halves
65.
Roundworms: Phylum Nematoda, unsegmented worms that have pseudocoeloms and digestive systems with two openings
66.
Scolex: structure that can contain suckers or hooks
67.
Septa: internal walls between each segment
68.
Shell: protects organism
69.
Slugs: Class Gastropods, feed with radula, open circulation, one or no shell
70.
Spicule: spike-shaped structure made of chalklike calcium carbonate or silica
71.
Sponges: Example of Phylum Porifera
72.
Tapeworm: Class cestoda, parasite
73.
Tapeworms: long, flat, parasitic worms that are adapted to life inside the intestines of their hosts
74.
Trichinosis: uncooked pork, adult worms live and mate in intestines of host, females burrow through intestinal walls, release larvae into blood stream, larvae burrow into organs and muscles causing severe pain, cycle restarts when infected muscle is eaten by another animal
75.
Turbellarians: free-living flatworms, most live in marine or fresh water
76.
Vertebrate: Animals that haved a backbone
77.
Visceral Mass: internal organs, in Mollusca
